1. Common Diseases and Disorders
Respiratory System
Common Diseases and Disorders

2. Standard 42
Review case studies that involve persons with respiratory disorders, diseases, or syndromes. Citing information from the review, explain the expected anatomy involved and what abnormality is present; and outline normal and abnormal physiology, pathophysiology, preventive measures, and diagnostic procedures for identification of disease/disorder.

3. Common Diseases and Disorders
Description
Allergic Rhinitis
Hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens
Asthma
A condition in which the tubes of the bronchial tree become obstructed due to inflammation
Atelectasis
Collapsed lung
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi often follows a cold; one type of COPD

4. Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Description
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A group of lung disorders that limit airflow to lungs and usually cause enlargement of the alveoli
Emphysema
A chronic condition associated with smoking that damages the alveoli; one type of COPD
Influenza
A viral disease that attacks the respiratory system; commonly called the flu

5. Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Description
Laryngitis
An acute inflammation of the larynx causing hoarseness (dysphonia)
Legionnaire’s Disease
Acute bacterial pneumonia caused by Legionnaire bacteria that usually grows in the standing water of air conditioning systems
Lung Cancer
Cancer closely associated with smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke; four types of lung cancers
Pleural Effusion
A buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity

6. Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Description
Pleuritis / Pleurisy
Inflammation of the membranes that cover the lungs, known as pleura
Pneumoconiosis
Lung diseases that result from years environmental or occupational exposure to different types of dust; three types
Pneumonia / Pneumonitis
An inflammation of the lungs that is most often caused by a a bacterial, or viral, or fungal infection

7. Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Description
Pneumothorax
A collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis
Pulmonary Edema
A condition in which fluids fill spaces within the lungs, making it very difficult for the lungs to oxygenate the blood
Pulmonary Embolism
A blood clot (embolism) that travels usually from the legs and blocks an artery in the lungs

8. Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Description
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Syndrome in which a lack of surfactant in the lungs allows the alveoli to collapse on exhalation, resulting in poor oxygenation
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
A viral respiratory disease that is very contagious and sometimes fatal
Sinusitis
An inflammation of the membranes lining the sinuses of the skull

9. Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.)
Description
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
A syndrome without characteristic signs or symptoms; usually a baby with this disorder simply goes to sleep and never wakes up
Tuberculosis
Primarily a respiratory disease caused by various strains of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Upper Respiratory (Tract) Infection (URI)
Coryza, or the common cold