1. The Earth, Weather & Climate

2. The
Water
Cycle
In the WATER CYCLE, water vapor enters the atmosphere by evaporation from oceans & other bodies of water & leaves by condensation.

3. The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what
The change from liquid water into water vapor is called what? There are two kinds of vaporization and they are what?
VAPORIZATION
EVAPORATION &
BOILING (100°C/212°F)

4. The opposite of vaporization; where gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid is called?
CONDENSATION

5. A form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface; there are four types of precipitation & they are what?
RAIN, SLEET, SNOW & HAIL

6. What is the rainwater that does not soak into the ground and flow over the Earth’s surface?
RUN-OFF

7. What is the process of water movement through a plant & evaporation from parts of the plant such as leaves, stems & the flower called?
TRANSPIRATION

8. What is the a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air called?
HUMIDITY
What is the percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a particular temperature called?
RELATIVE HUMIDITY

9. This is a temporary status of the atmosphere, it varies with time, place & various types. It can be seen in various parts of the world & is never constant anywhere. It is happening now. What am I?
THE WEATHER

10. What are the four types of weather?
1. COASTAL WEATHER
2. HOT WEATHER
3. COLD WEATHER
4. MOUNTAIN WEATHER

11. This type of weather can be observed on or near or shoreline regions
This type of weather can be observed on or near or shoreline regions. The western coasts of the continents & the southeastern regions are characterized with their coastal climate; which is called what?
COASTAL WEATHER

12. This type of weather can be seen in the equatorial regions of the Earth. Throughout the year, the temperature remains very warm in these locations. The climate is also characterized with a very damp & humid weather. There is also can be a large amount of rainfall throughout the year. What kind of weather is this?
HOT WEATHER

13. This type of weather can be observed in the polar climate zones
This type of weather can be observed in the polar climate zones. These regions are known for their extreme cold climates. The temperature remains almost same throughout the year. What kind of weather is this?
COLD WEATHER

14. This type of weather is in high elevation areas is
This type of weather is in high elevation areas is. The climate of those regions is generally cold & along with high precipitation. What kind of weather is this?
MOUNTAIN WEATHER

15. AIR MASS
An ____________ is a huge body of air in the lower atmosphere that has similar temperature, humidity & air pressure at any given height. What are the four types?
1. TROPICAL,
2. POLAR,
3. MARITIME &
4. CONTINENTAL

16. One complete trip by Earth around the sun takes 365 ¼ days is know as its what?
REVOLUTION
The spinning motion of Earth around its axis which is 24 hours is called what?
ROTATION

17. What is a mixture of gases which forms a layer around Earth called
What is a mixture of gases which forms a layer around Earth called? It is mainly of nitrogen (N) & oxygen (O2), along with a small percentage of trace gases.
ATMOSPHERE

18. TRACE GASES (GREENHOUSE GASES)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane, Ozone, & water vapor make up less than 1% of the atmosphere & absorb the heat when leaving the Earth’s atmosphere. What are these called?
TRACE GASES (GREENHOUSE GASES)

19. This is the force exerted by air molecules in all directions; not just one.
AIR PRESSURE

20. A tool used to measure air temperature is called a what?
THERMOMETER
An instrument used to measure air pressure is called what?
BAROMETER

21. Weather is happening now!
Climate is
over a period
of time.

25. A geographer who studies climates is called what?
CLIMATOLOGIST
A person who studies weather is called what?
METEOROLOGIST

26. What is the difference between weather & climate?
WEATHER IS HAPPENING NOW WHILE CLIMATE IS HAPPENS OVER TIME

27. CAUSES SEASONS WITH THE TILT OF THE EARTH
Rotate
Revolve
SPIN OR TURN
GOES AROUND
TAKES 365 ¼ DAYS (1 YEAR)
TAKES 24 HOURS
CAUSES DAY & NIGHT
CAUSES SEASONS WITH THE TILT OF THE EARTH

28. AXIS (THIS IS THE REASON FOR THE SEASONS)
An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through the center of the Earth is called what?
AXIS (THIS IS THE REASON FOR THE SEASONS)

30. These are winds that blow mainly from one direction during a given period.
PREVAILING WINDS

31. The height above sea-level is called what?
ELEVATION

32. RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

33. A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean’s surface is what?
SURFACE CURRENT

36. A large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant & animal communities is called what?
BIOME

38. Tropical Rain Forest *Average Temperature Range 77° to 82°
*Average Precipitation 200 cm or more
*Soil Characteristics thin & nutrient poor

39. Tropical Savanna *Average Temperature Range 80° to 90°
*Average Precipitation 100 cm
*Soil Characteristics generally nutrient poor

40. Tropical Desert *Average Temperature Range 61° to 120°
*Average Precipitation 0-25 cm
*Soil Characteristics poor in organic matter

41. Temperate Forest *Average Temperature Range 32° to 82°
*Average Precipitation cm
*Soil Characteristics very fertile, organically rich

42. Temperate Grassland *Average Temperature Range 21° to 78°
*Average Precipitation cm
*Soil Characteristics most fertile of all the biomes

43. Chaparral *Average Temperature Range 51° to 78°
*Average Precipitation cm
*Soil Characteristics rocky, nutrient-poor soils

44. Temperate Desert *Average Temperature Range 34° to 120°
*Average Precipitation 0-25 cm
*Soil Characteristics poor in organic matter

45. Tundra *Average Temperature Range -17° to 41°
*Average Precipitation 0-25 cm
*Soil Characteristics frozen

46. Taiga *Average Temperature Range 14° to 59°
*Average Precipitation cm
*Soil Characteristics acidic

47. The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of the particles from one part of a material to another is called what?
CONVECTION

48. The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is called what?
RADIATION

49. It is a star that we see during the day which gives us our light & energy. It is 100 times wider than the Earth & 10 times wider than Jupiter… what is it?
THE SUN

50. RAIN SHADOW EFFECT

51. CLIMATE ZONES
COOL TEMPERATE & MOIST

52. MID-LATITUDE HUMID CONTINENTAL
CLIMATES
TYPES
CHARACTERISTICS
VEGETATION
TROPICAL
TROPICAL WET
RAINY ALL YEAR ROUND
BROADLEAF TREES
TROPICAL WET & DRY
HAS A RAINY SEASON
GRASSLANDS & SAVANNA
DRY
DESERT
LESS THAN 10 INCHES OF RAIN
SPECIALLY ADAPTED PLANTS
SEMI-ARID
UP TO 20 INCHES OF RAIN
GRASSLANDS CALLED STEPPE
MID-LATITUDE
MEDITERRANEAN
WET WINTER
PLANTS THAT HAVE ADAPTED TO A DRY SEASON IN THE SUMMER
MARINE WEST COAST
RAINY YEAR ROUND
MIXED FORESTS OF BROADLEAF & NEEDLE-LEAF TREES OR ONLY NEEDLE-LEAF TREES
HUMID SUBTROPICAL
LONG, HOT, HUMID SUMMERS
HUMID CONTINENTAL
WIDE RANGE OF SUMMER & WINTER TEMPERATURES
GRASSLANDS & SAVANNAS
HIGH LATITUDE
SUBARTIC
COLD DRY CLIMATE
TUNDRA
PERMANENT ICE & SNOW
ICECAP
NONE
HIGHLAND
VARIES WITH LATITUDE, ELEVATION & CONTINENTAL LOCATION

55. Sometimes referred to as climate change; it is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system & its related effects. There is lots of scientific evidence that show that the climate is warming, however there is some evidence that suggests it is not. What is this called?
GLOBAL WARMING

56. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Are resources that are used faster than can not be replaced by natural processes is called what?
Are resources that can be replaced by natural process in a relatively short period of time are called what?
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
RENEWABLE RESOURCES

57. 2. WATER (HYDROELECTRIC)
What are the five main Renewable Resources?
1. SUN (SOLAR)
2. WATER (HYDROELECTRIC)
3. WIND
4. GEOTHERMAL
5. BIOMASS

58. Examples of Non-Renewable Resources are called Fossil Fuels; what are the three of them?
COAL
OIL (PETROLEUM)
NATURAL GAS

59. The goal of risk reduction is to reduce the risk to life & property, which includes existing structures & future construction, in the pre & post-disaster environments. This is called what?
MITIGATION

60. RADIOCARBON DATING is useful only for dating organic material-material from once living organisms which includes bones, wood, parchment & charcoal.