1. Cells
Structure & Function

2. Recap… Who coined the term “cell”?
What invention allowed cells to be seen?
Who is the Father of Microbiology?

3. Cells
Smallest living unit
Most are microscopic
But not all! 3 3

4. The Cell Theory
The cell is the basic unit of structure & function of all living things.
All living things (organisms) are made of cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
So, this disproved Spontaneous Generation 4

5. Cell Types
Prokaryotic
Pro=No
Eukaryotic
You= Eukaryote 5 5

6. Prokaryotic Cells Believed first cell type on earth
No membrane bound nucleus or organelles
Single Celled!
Bacteria 6 6

7. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Have many membrane bound organelles
Can be unicellular or multicellular 7 7

8. Representative Animal Cell8 8

9. Representative Plant Cell9 9

11. (aka phospholipid bilayer)
Cell Membrane
(aka plasma membrane)
(aka phospholipid bilayer)
Barrier between inside and outside of cell
Double layer of phospholipids with floating proteins
Controls what enters and leaves cell
Cannot control the flow of water or gases 11 11

12. Cell Walls Found in plants & fungi Surrounds plasma (cell) membrane
Made of non-living material (Cellulose) 12 12

13. Cytoplasm (aka cytosol)
Jelly-like fluid containing organelles
- Cushions and protects organelles
Continually streaming (moving) 13 13

14. Ribosome Free floating or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
Site of Protein Synthesis
Reads RNA to make proteins 14 14

15. Nucleus “Brain” of cell Bound by nuclear membrane Contains
Controls all cell activities
Bound by nuclear membrane
With pores
Contains
Chromosomes (DNA)
Nucleolus 15 15

16. DNA Hereditary material Normally found as loose Chromatin
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Normally found as loose Chromatin
When Cell needs to divide, it condenses into Chromosomes
Chromosomes code for Proteins 16 16

17. Nucleolus
Inside the Nucleus
Produces ribosomes 17 17

18. Lysosomes Found in Animal Cells Contain digestive enzymes Functions
Breaks down old cell parts
Digests invaders/waste 18 18

19. Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs
Plants have LARGE ones... animals are smaller
Stores:
Water
Food
Wastes 19 19

20. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the Cell
Mighty Mito!
Breaks down Glucose during Cellular Respiration
Makes ATP
- Cell’s energy molecule
Active Cells have many
- Muscle cells need more energy than skin cells-->have lots! 20 20

21. Chloroplasts Solar energy is captured and changed here
Found in plants and green algae
Site of Photosynthesis
Turns inorganic H2O and CO2 into an organic food molecule
Glucose is made!
C6H12O6 21 21

22. Centrioles The “Spider Man” of the animal cell
Involved in cell division
Send out microtubules to “drag” chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell
They look like mini Twizzlers! 22 22