1. Communicable Diseases
Entry Task: Name as many communicable diseases as you can

2. Communicable Diseases
Cover your mouth when you sneeze, or risk spreading the disease!

3. What in the world is a communicable disease anyway?
A disease spread from one person or animal to another person
Caused by infective agents (pathogens)
Example: Bacteria, Virus
Pathogens multiply and damage the cells and their functioning
Most commonly spreads via airborne or bacteria
‘Contagious’ or ‘Infectious’ used to describe communicable diseases
Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease.

4. Transmission (Spread)
Airborne – direct contact not needed
Animal – come in contact with infected animal/insect
Food/Water – drinking water or eating food contaminated
Healthcare – medical waste/equipment
Respiratory/bodily fluid – when come in contact with saliva, blood, ejaculate, mucus

5. Lifespan of Pathogen
Not all pathogens can live for long without a Host
What is a host?
If I cough without covering but no one is around, will a person who walks in the room an hour later become infected?

6. Who is most susceptible?
Older People
Babies
Pregnant Women
People with a weakened immune system

7. Common types of VIRAL Communicable Diseases
Viruses- pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Need living cells to reproduce, survive, and thrive
Cold
Flu
Pneumonia
Polio
Measles
AIDS
Chicken pox
EBOLA!

8. Common types of BACTERIAL Communicable Diseases
Bacteria- many bacteria’s are essential for life, but some produce toxins and kill cells. What the immune system does not destroy antibiotics can.
food borne illnesses
Strep throat
Pink eye
Bacterial pneumonia
gonorrhea

9. Common types of PARASITIC Communicable Diseases
Protozoan's- more complex organisms than bacteria, such as pathogenic parasites, most are completely harmless but some can affect people with weakened immune system.
Malaria

10. Hepatitis – VIRAL What is it? Inflammation of the liver
Acute - lasts less than 6 months
Chronic - persists longer
Transmission
Sexually transmitted
Shared needles (blood)
Mother to unborn child
Poor sanitation
is a medical condition defined by the inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Hepatitis may occur with limited or no symptoms, but often leads to yellow discoloration of the skin, mucus membranes, and conjunctivae, poor appetite and malaise. Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer. The condition can be self-limiting (healing on its own) or can progress to fibrosis (scarring) and cirrhosis.
Worldwide, sexually transmitted hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of the condition

11. HIV/AIDS -VIRAL What is it?
Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
The virus weakens a person's ability to fight infections and cancer.
Having HIV does not always mean that you have AIDS.
Symptoms Transmission
Headache Sharing needles
Diarrhea, vomiting -unprotected sex
Fatigue
Aching muscles
Magic Johnson-Former NBA player

12. Influenza - VIRAL What is it?
People often use the term "flu" to describe any kind of mild illness, such as a cold or a stomach virus, that has symptoms like the flu. But the real flu is different.
Flu symptoms are usually worse than a cold and last longer. The flu usually does not cause vomiting or diarrhea in adults.
Transmission
Coughing/ sneezing without covering mouth
Contact with those that are sick
Unsanitary conditions

13. Pink Eye – BACTERIAL(& VIRAL)
What is it?
Conjunctivitis, infection and swelling of membrane lining the eyelids
Causes red blood cells to be more visible, changing appearance of the eye
Symptoms Transmission
-Pink/red appearance -Touching eyes
-Crusting of eyelids/lashes -Blocked tear duct
-Itching/burning eyes
-Gritty feeling

14. Malaria-Parasitic What is it?
Serious disease caused by parasite in mosquitos
You can get it from a bite by an infected mosquito.
Malaria is rare in the United States. Common in Africa, Southern Asia, Central America, and South America.
Symptoms
Symptoms like the flu, such as a high fever, chills, and muscle pain
Can be more serious – damage to liver, heart, etc

15. How it Spreads
A bite from a parasite-infected mosquito causes malaria.
The mosquito becomes infected by biting an infected person and drawing blood that contains the parasite.
When that mosquito bites another person, that person becomes infected.

16. What are some preventative measures you can take?

17. Preventative Measures
Washing hands- most effective strategy for preventing the spread of disease. Before you eat, put in contacts or make- up, after the restroom, handle animals, etc.
Avoid sharing make-up, combs, and brushes, food, drinks, chapstick
Avoid unprotected sexual intercourse
Avoid unnecessary contact with people who are sick
Protect others, cover your mouth!

18. Coughing and Sneezing
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough 

19. Treatment
Depends on the disease! Bacterial – most commonly have medication (anti- BACTERIAL, antibiotic) Viral – no true medication

20. Hand Washing
How do you wash
When
Why
What

21. Let’s Review! What are communicable diseases?
How are they spread (transmitted?)
What are the three main types of communicable diseases?
Examples?
Can you prevent?
Can you treat?