1. Bellwork Quiz
What Spanish king married Mary Tudor (along with 3 other women) and also utilized the Inquisition to reinforce/build his empire?
What king is the most prominent example of absolute power?
What did he build that best symbolizes this Age of Absolutism?
Name 1 of 2 issues that was the root of most European wars in the 17th/18th centuries.

2. Lesson: “Parliament limits the English Monarchy”
AGE OF ABSOLUTISM
Lesson: “Parliament limits the
English Monarchy”
Main Idea – In the 17th century, absolute rulers in England were overthrown and Parliament gained power.
Why It Matters Now – Many government reforms of the this era influenced American democratic traditions.

4. The Stuart Dynasty James I (1603-25) Charles I (1625-49)
English Civil War ( )
Cromwell/Commonwealth ( )
Charles II ( )
James II ( )
William and Mary (III; II) ( )
William III ( )
Anne ( )

5. The Stuart Dynasty
1603 – Elizabeth I died after a 45 year reign with no heir.
Throne passed to her cousin James VI in Scotland = James I in England.
Difficult to rule both countries; James was unpopular in both.

6. King James I 1603-1625 Queen: Anne Children: 1607: Jamestown, VA
Henry d. 1612
Elizabeth
Charles I (r )
1607: Jamestown, VA
1611: KJV of the Bible
Took 7 years to complete

7. James I Why so unpopular???
An outsider from Scotland
Tried to rule absolutely, disrespected Parliament (dissolved for a period)
Detached from government, allowed it to be dominated by his “favorites”
Lack of regal dignity
drunkenness, appearance, extravagant court, spent too much money

8. King Charles I (r. 1625-49) B. 1600 in Scotland
Sickly, did not walk until age 7
Became heir when brother Henry died
Queen: Henrietta Maria of France

9. Charles I Even more unpopular than his father.
More civilized, but haughty and stubborn
Clashed with Parliament over 2 main issues: MONEY and RELIGION.
Dissolved Parliament in 1629 and declared he would rule alone; imposed illegal taxes w/out P’s consent
Many MP’s – Puritans; feared Catholic influence (Henrietta Maria)

10. Leading Up to War…
1637 – Charles imposed the Book of Common Prayer in Scotland
Forced to call Parliament in 1640 to raise $ for military action.
Long Parliament – in place until 1660
1642- Charles tried to arrest ringleader MPs who opposed him.
They escaped…but the war began!

11. English Civil War 1642-49 King Charles and his supporters = Cavaliers
Parliament and supporters = Roundheads
Early battles won by the Cavaliers
1645- Cavaliers suffered many defeats by the New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell.
1647- Charles was captured and placed under house arrest.

13. English Civil War
Charles was stripped of his title and put on trial for treason. It lasted 8 days.
He refused to enter a plea or defend himself. Why?
Beheaded in First time a monarch had ever been tried and executed by his own people.
The monarchy was abolished by Parliament and England became a republic known as the Commonwealth.

14. “Horrible Histories:”
Charles’ Trial
Charles’ Execution

15. Critical Thinking ?
Only 59 of the 159 commissioners signed Charles’s death warrant. Why do you think many of the people presiding over Charles’s trial refused to sign his death warrant?

16. The Restoration 1658- Oliver Cromwell dies.
1660- Charles II crowned king after Parliament votes to restore the monarchy.
Restoration of English culture, too. Theatres and taverns were reopened.

17. Charles II 1662- married Catherine of Braganza (Portuguese princess)
She suffered many miscarriages, never produced an heir.
Charles did father several illegitimate children with his numerous mistresses.
Nicknamed the “merry monarch”
Easy-going, love of sports, entertainment, collector of mistresses

18. Charles II A little too merry???
Not pious or very serious
1665- heat wave and outbreak of the Bubonic Plague (app. 70,000 died)
1666- Great Fire of London (destroyed most of city, left over 100,000 homeless)
Legacy: Not overly significant, but 25 years of stable monarchy following a civil war and the Commonwealth.

19. Charles II (R. 1660-85) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2kyNbZc7oc

20. James II R. 1685-88 *Problem: He was Catholic.
Had 2 Protestant daughters from first
marriage, Mary and Anne.
In 1688, his wife had a son.
Suddenly, the prospect of a Catholic line was very real.
MP’s invited his daughter Mary (m. William of Orange) to overthrow King James.

21. King James II

22. The Glorious Revolution
William of Orange invaded with 15,000 troops in 1688.
James II fled to France.
A “bloodless revolution”
England became a constitutional monarchy.
W & M had to accept the English Bill of Rights before they were crowned.

23. William III and Mary II 1689-1694

25. William and Mary She was popular; he was not
She was 5’11’’; he was only 5’6’’
She died in 1694 at age 32 from smallpox
He died from complications after a horse fall that broke his collar bone in 1702

26. English Bill of Rights Gave House of Commons the “power of the purse”
~ Assured superiority of Parliament
Gave House of Commons the “power of the purse”
Parliament had final authority on war, taxes, and passing laws.
Monarch – no standing army allowed
MPs guaranteed free speech
People – right to petition the king
No cruel/unusual punishment

27. Queen Anne

28. Queen Anne
The last Stuart monarch and younger sister of Mary II. (Father was James II)
37 yrs old when she became queen.
-Suffered 6 miscarriages, 11 stillbirths or infant deaths, and her only surviving son died at 11.
1707- Act of Union – England and Scotland became Great Britain.
English throne passed to her second cousin, George of Hanover, who became King George I.