1. EAC150
September 23, 2016

2. Last Week
Introductions
Autobiography
Introduction Strategies

3. This Week Building your argument
The importance of a clear thesis statement
Classic 5 paragraph essay, “Effective Driving” by Marcelo Olenewa
Introduction to Research
Largely inspired by: Irwin et al So, Where’s Your Thesis? Nelson Education Ltd. Toronto.

4. Next Week There will be no class next week.
There will still be readings and an online quiz. You have one week to complete the quiz. The quiz will be posted on Monday September 26th and taken down on Monday October 3rd at 9:00am.

5. Building Your Argument
An essay is tethered to its argument
An argument should be at least one of the following:
Compelling
Interesting
Exciting
Important
Your argument should be the basis of a critical response or analysis to/of an existing conversation.

6. Building Your Argument
In Aristotle’s Rhetoric he claims that you can appeal to your audience (convince them) in one of three ways:
The character of the speaker (ethos)
The emotional state of the hearer (pathos)
The logic of the argument (logos)
Use your introductory sentence to set the reader up for the appeal you will be using (i.e. open with a fact for logos, open with an unfortunate statistic for pathos)
Group Think
What you can do when you write your introductory sentence is try to put the reader in the state that will be most beneficial to your argument.
Ethos – Barack Obama; very charismatic. You believe that he is really just a good guy. Bill Clinton and Justin Trudeau are beneficiaries of a similar style of arguing.
Pathos – Trump; very inflammatory. He uses the emotional state of the hearer/his fans to get them excited. It actually does not matter whether the argument is logical.
Logos – Colin Kapernick; very simple, clear argument. I will not stand for the anthem because I cannot pledge allegiance to a country that kills my people. Muhammad Ali, I will not stand for this because it is wrong.
Different appeals work in different situations for different reasons.

7. Building Your Argument
Last class, you were allowed to use the word “I”
This class, no “I’s” allowed
Once you remove the “I” you will become uncomfortable with the claim.
Use that discomfort to find previous research to support your claim.

8. Building Your Argument
Subjective
Objective
I like
It is preferred
I think
It is the contention of this essay that
You might think
It may be in the opinion of the reader that

9. Building Your Argument
Proof

10. Building Your Argument
Common Mistakes in Argument
Confusion between correlation and causality.
Telling an sad story as the centre of an argument, making a moral but baseless argument.
Personal Attack or calling the other person names.
Circular argument that can neither be proven or disproven.

11. Building Your Argument

12. Thesis Statement
From Purdue OWL:
Determine what kind of paper you are writing:
An analytical paper breaks down an issue or an idea into its component parts, evaluates the issue or idea, and presents this breakdown and evaluation to the audience.
For example: The history of misogyny in North America makes sexism an inevitable problem.

13. Thesis Statement
From Purdue OWL:
Determine what kind of paper you are writing:
An expository (explanatory) paper explains something to the audience.
For example: Accessible post-secondary education is important because it creates better citizens, fuels the economy and makes for happier families.

14. Thesis Statement
From Purdue OWL:
Determine what kind of paper you are writing:
An argumentative paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence. The claim could be an opinion, a policy proposal, an evaluation, a cause-and-effect statement, or an interpretation. The goal of the argumentative paper is to convince the audience that the claim is true based on the evidence provided.
For example: Being vegetarian is not healthy and causes early death among its practitioners.

15. Thesis Statement
From Purdue OWL: Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence. The thesis statement usually appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper. Your topic may change as you write, so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper.

16. Thesis Statement
From Purdue OWL: Your thesis statement should be specific—it should cover only what you will discuss in your paper and should be supported with specific evidence. The thesis statement usually appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper. Your topic may change as you write, so you may need to revise your thesis statement to reflect exactly what you have discussed in the paper.

17. Theory
The most sound thesis statements are based on theoretical foundations.
A theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
Some examples of theory: feminism, capitalism, critical race theory.

18. When Writing Your Thesis
Writing a thesis requires having an opinion on the topic (even if it’s just a hunch):
Your thesis must be:
Provable
Opinionated
Balanced and fair

19. “Effective Driving”
By Marcelo Olenewa

20. The 5 paragraph essay
“Effective Driving” is a great example of a standard essay.
The essay that you will submit at the end of the term will need to be much longer than 5 paragraphs but the same rules should apply.
The rules were outlined last week when we reviewed the essay outline.

21. “Effective Driving” Questions:
1. What strategy did the author use to open or introduce the topic?

22. “Effective Driving” Questions:
2. What is the thesis statement/argument?

23. “Effective Driving”
Questions:
3. What do you like about the essay?

24. “Effective Driving” Questions:
4. What do you think the author could have done better?

25. Your turn (20 minutes) Pick 3 topics Take a stance
Write 3 corresponding thesis statements

26. Introduction to Research

27. Research

28. Research Central to research is the asking of questions.
Currently, there are not answers to everything, everything has not been figured out.
When there are not already answers, you will be expected to conduct primary research.
When there are answers to things you can learn from others, this is known as conducting secondary research.

29. How to Research
Fishing
Mining

30. How to Research Most people will fish Go to a database Find a paper
Fishing
Mining
Most people will fish
Go to a database
Find a paper
Others will mine
Go to a database
Find a paper
Search all the sources used in that paper (read the bibliography first)
Find more, related papers

31. How to Research Google Scholar Great starting point for research
Shows you the number of works that article/book is Cited by, the higher the number the more reliable the source tends to be

32. How to Research

33. Who likes magazines?
National Geographic
The Economist
Macleans’
Time

34. What about books? The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan
Economy and Society by Max Weber
The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell

35. Next Week’s Quiz Answer using full sentences.
Double check your spelling.
Pull information from the text and paraphrase it. Use your own words but allow yourself to be inspired by the text.