1. Label the religions 1 5 3 2 4
Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, or Judaism

2. Sort the following as Europe, USA, or Middle East1 4 7 10 2 5 8 11 3 6 9 12

3. Sort the following as Buddhist, Christian, Jewish, or Muslim.1 4 7 10 2 5 8 11 3 6 9 12

4. Check for Understanding

5. Check for Understanding
Which example does not show a reason why nations need to cooperate?
Latin American ethnic groups host international festival
Typhoon hits Southeast Asia
City hall votes to raise rates on garbage collection
Business brings hundreds of jobs to tri-cities

6. Political Divisions & Conflict vs. Cooperation PAGE 37 (NOTES)
World Geography SOL 10
Political Divisions & Conflict vs. Cooperation
PAGE 37 (NOTES)

7. Cultural Geography: Cooperation & Conflict
Political division or jurisdictions are regions of the Earth’s surface over which groups of people establish social, economic & political control.
Political divisions may generate conflict.
Political divisions may generate cooperation.

8. What are some examples of LOCAL political divisions?

9. Examples of political divisions
Neighborhoods
Election districts
School districts
Regional districts (e.g. waste disposal, conservation districts, planning districts, zip code zones)
Cities
Counties
States

10. Why do we need local political divisions?

11. Reasons for political divisions
Desire for government closer to home
Need to solve local problems
Need to administer resources more efficiently

12. Reasons for conflict Boundary disputes Cultural differences
Economic differences
Competition for scarce resources
Political advantages (e.g. gerrymandering)

13. Gerrymandering
To change the boundaries of a place to favor one group (i.e. to have more of one race or political party in an area)

14. Examples of political divisions
Countries
Alliances
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) A political organization of 25 members from North America and Europe that supports democracy and security of the members
European Union (EU) - an economic alliance established after WWII and made up of over 20 European countries and created to reduce trade barriers and promote cooperation
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - an economic alliance created in 1960 to control the production and sale of petroleum (oil) among member nations
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - an economic alliance created in 1989 that reduces trade barriers between Mexico, Canada, and the United States

15. Examples of political divisions
Alliances
United Nations (UN) A political organization created in and made up of over 190 countries that works for international peace
Organization of American States (OAS) a political organization made up of countries from western hemisphere that works for peace and democracy
League of Arab States - a political organization of over 20 Arab nations created at the end of WWII
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - an economic alliance created in 1976 to reduce trade restrictions between member countries and southeast Asia
African Union (AU) - a political organization created in 2002 to promote human rights, democracy, and economic development in Africa

16. Reasons for political divisions
Differences in culture, language & religion
Retention of historical boundaries
Imperial conquest & control
Economic similarities & differences

17. Imperial Conquest
When a strong country takes over a weaker country for control of the weaker country’s resources (England taking over India)

18. Reasons for conflict Boundary & territorial disputes
Syria-Israel
Western Sahara- Morocco
China- Taiwan
India- Pakistan
Cultural differences (language, religion)
Indonesia
Canada (Quebec)
Sudan

19. Boundary & Territorial Disputes
Syria-Israel - a longstanding conflict dating to the Six-Day War in when Israel took control of the Golan Heights
Western Sahara- Morocco - a dispute since 1975 between the country Morocco and the region Western Sahara in which Morocco claims Western Sahara; at stake are natural resources in Western Sahara.
China- Taiwan - a conflict dating to the 1949 Chinese revolution when Mao Zedong’s communists claimed the mainland and the Nationalists, led by Chiang Kai-shek, fled to the island Taiwan; China claims Taiwan is part of China, Taiwan claims independence.
India- Pakistan - a conflict dating to South Asia’s independence from Britian in 1947; India and Pakistan both claim the land area known as Kashmir

20. Cultural Differences
Indonesia – home of several ethnic groups and languages
Canada (Quebec) – Quebec is French speaking while the rest of Canada is English speaking
Sudan – site of 20 year civil war between Islamic government and rebels (People’s Liberation Army); has since split into Sudan and South Sudan as of 2011.

21. Reasons for conflict (cont.)
Economic differences
Fertile land
Access to fresh water
Access to coast
Fishing rights
Natural resources
Different economic philosophies

22. Reasons for Conflict (cont.)
Ethnic differences
Balkans - between Serbs, Croats, and Muslims
Cyprus - between Greek majority and Turkish minority
Kashmir - between Pakistani Muslims and Indian Hindus
Nationalism - strong feelings of national identity and desire for independence (the Kurds in the Middle East)

24. Conflicts Map 7 8 9 China 1 Morocco Pakistan 4 2 3 India 6 5B. C.
Boundary Disputes
Cultural Differences
Ethnic Differences
Western Sahara-Morocco 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Syria-Israel
China-Taiwan
India-Pakistan
Indonesia
Sudan
Balkans
Cyprus
Kashmir

25. Check for Understanding
What is it called when electoral districts are redrawn for electoral advantage?
Political advantage
Spatial divisions
Boundary disputes
Gerrymandering

26. Reasons for cooperation
Natural disasters
Economic advantages (attract new businesses)
Cultural similarities, ethnic neighborhoods
Addressing regional issues (e.g. waste management, magnet schools, transportation)

27. Cooperation may eliminate the need for the division and control of the Earth’s surface.

28. Examples of cooperation
Humanitarian initiatives (e.g. Red Cross & Red Crescent)
Economic alliances (e.g. Law of Sea, China & United States, multinational corporations, North American Free Trade Agreement [NAFTA], Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [OPEC])
Cultural alliances (e.g. Francophone world, Commonwealth of Nations (former British Colonies))

29. Francophone
French-speaking

30. Examples of cooperation (cont.)
Military alliances (e.g. North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO])
Problem solving alliances(e.g. Antarctica Treaty & United Nations [UN]peacekeepers)
Programs to promote international understanding (Peace Corps)
Alliances for environmental preservation
Alliances for foreign aid

33. Name that alliance!
______________ is an economic alliance that reduced trade barriers among Mexico, Canada, and the United States
______________ is an alliance to promote human rights, democracy, and economic development in Africa.
______________ is an economic alliance for controlling the production and sale of petroleum.
______________ is a political alliance from North America and Europe supporting democracy and security for its members.
______________ is an economic alliance to reduce trade restrictions between member countries of Southeast Asia.

34. Conflicts Map China Morocco Pakistan India A. B. C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.