by William Shakespeare

by William Shakespeare
Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare

Bell Ringer! Please work on your Character Analysis Sheet and your Twelfth Night Literary Devices.

Essential Questions and Learning Targets
How can the complex language of Shakespeare be understood? How do complex characters advance the plot and develop the themes of a drama? How can knowledge be integrated into writing through relevant textual evidence, details, and examples? How does Shakespeare’s writing still relate to us today? Demonstrate understanding through summarization of plot Analyze characterization and themes in the development of plot Demonstrate knowledge through identification and analysis of literary devices Demonstrate knowledge through use of relevant textual evidence, details, and examples in writing

Unit Vocabulary Aside Apostrophe Allusion Simile Metaphor Alliteration
Symbol Theme Foreshadowing Dramatic Irony Soliloquy/Monologue Internal Conflict and Characterization Imagery Prose and Verse

The Globe Theatre Anticipation Questions
How would you describe the theater? What could you anticipate about performance style in these plays? What can you guess about the relationship between the actors and the audience?

The Globe Theatre http://www. shakespearesglobe
The theater building Describe it. What is its shape? What was it made of? Describe the roof. Describe the different areas within the theater building. The Stage What is its shape? How is it placed in relation to the audience? What are the features on the stage? How do actors enter and exit the stage? What are the different playing areas on the stage? Are there elaborate sets? The Audience In what different places can the audience be seated? How would you describe the different areas? Who chooses to sit in those areas? What kinds of activities do audience members engage in?

Globe Theatre Reflection Questions
How do you think plays would set the scene? How would they indicate it is night, or where the setting is? How do you think the relationship of the actors to the audience affects what Shakespeare wrote? How would the features on the stage affect the kinds of scenes and lines Shakespeare might write? What kinds of limitations would this kind of theater present? What opportunities would it provide for a playwright?

Twelfth Night Anticipation Guide
Consider whether you believe the statements to be true or false. Use your personal experiences, feelings and knowledge to make your decision. Love at first sight is real. It is okay to make fun of someone if they are annoying. You should never deliberately deceive someone, even if you think you have a good reason. It is fun to play tricks on people. If you love someone, you should stay loyal to them forever. Loyalty is a very important quality and is more important than love. Losing someone you care about can explain unusual behavior. If you like someone, they always like you in return. It is wrong to make a lot of noise in someone else’s house. Pranks are harmless. What’s your opinion? Please discuss in table groups.

Twelfth Night Setting One important element of Shakespeare’s culture to note in interpreting Twelfth Night is the nature of the holiday for which it is named. The holiday of “Twelfth Night,” is also known as the Feast of the Epiphany, which occurs on January 6th, the twelfth night after Christmas. This day celebrates the visit of the wise men to the infant Jesus, symbolizing Christ’s divinity to the world. The feast of Twelfth Night was the most significant holiday of the year, in Elizabethan England—even more important than Christmas. In Shakespeare’s time, this holiday was celebrated with excesses of every sort and with role-playing and role reversal. Indulgence in food, drink, gift-giving, and general merry making were commonplace, with a “Lord of Misrule” appointed to organize the festivities. There were masquerades and a general sense of things being turned upside down. This spirit of lighthearted insanity and foolishness is a central element of the play.

Act 1 Theme Quickwrite Melancholy
Describe the theme. What does it mean to you? Provide specific details from your life and today’s society to support your response.

Act 1 Theme Quickwrite – Respond to Act 1
Melancholy How does the act represent the theme? Provide specific details from the act, citing specific speakers and using quotes to support your response. Include a TAG (Title, Author, Genre + Topic or Theme) statement as your paragraph’s thesis. Parenthetical citations for Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare (TN Act.Scene.Line/s) = (TN ) or (TN I.II.62-63) Work to smoothly integrate textual evidence with TIE “T” Tag: quote first, context second “I” Introduce: context first, quote second “E” Embed: context, quote, context

Twelfth Night Act 1 Discussion Questions
ACT I SCENE i 1. The Duke has a very famous speech, in the beginning of the play, about love. How is the Duke feeling about love as the play opens? 2. What news does Valentine bring the Duke? How does the Duke take this news? ACT I SCENE ii 1. What does Viola think has happened to her brother? How does the captain give her some hope about Sebastian? 2. What do Viola and Olivia seem to have in common? 3. What plan does Viola propose to the captain? ACT I SCENE iii 1. What kind of person does Sir Toby appear to be? Why? 2. What does Sir Toby say to Sir Andrew to keep him from leaving? 3. Provide one clue from this scene that suggests the following: a. Maria has a "thing" for Sir Toby. b. Sir Andrew isn't the sharpest knife in the drawer. ACT I SCENE iv 1. What name has Viola given herself as she pretends to be a man? 2. How do we know that the Duke has really taken to Viola, his new page boy? 3. What does the Duke ask Viola to do for him? 4. Why does the Duke argue that Viola is better suited for the task than an older servant? Where is there humour in this? 5. How does Viola feel about performing the task for the Duke? What is revealed about Viola's feelings for the Duke? ACT I SCENE v 1. In the beginning of this scene Maria is arguing with Feste over his long absence. What does Feste imply about Maria and Sir Toby to shut her up? 2. Why doesn't Olivia want to see Feste? What does Feste say he can prove if Olivia gives him a chance? How does he win his argument? 3. What does Malvolio think of Feste? How does Feste feel about Malvolio? 4. Who is waiting at the gate to see Olivia, and who keeps him there rather than send him away? Who does Olivia send to get rid of the stranger? 5. What state is Sir Toby in when he returns from the gate to see Olivia? Who does Olivia ask to look after him and why is this funny? 6. When Malvolio returns, why does he say he is unable to get rid of the stranger? How does Malvolio describe the person at the gate to Olivia? 7. What does Olivia ask "Cesario" to do with his speech? 8. Why do you think Viola might want to see Olivia's face? What does Viola think of Olivia? 9. How does Olivia respond to what "Cesario" has to say about the Duke's love? 10. Once Olivia is alone, what does she admit has caught her off-guard? 11. What does Olivia send Malvolio to do and why do you suppose she does this?

In Love with Love and Grief
William Shakespeare presents Orsino as a man desperately in love with Olivia. Meanwhile, Olivia is in love with the idea of perpetual grief, rejecting Orsino’s advances because of her self-imposed seven-year period of mourning for her brother. Bother characters exhibit a sense of melancholy because of their longing for something beyond reasonable expectations. Because Shakespeare begins with these characters and situations, what do you think he has to say about the melancholy sometimes involved in love or in grief? What might be saying about the perceived roles we think we ought to play in these situations?

Twelfth Night 30 Second Summaries
Your group will have 5 minutes to work together to prepare a 30 second summary of Act 1 of Twelfth Night. You must use modern day language and act it out. When finished, your group will present to the class. When done correctly, your presentation should look like a fast forwarded summary of Act 1.

Act 2 Theme Quickwrite Deception, Disguise, and Performance

Deception, Disguise, and Performance How does the act represent the theme? Provide specific details from the act, citing specific speakers and using quotes to support your response. Include a TAG (Title, Author, Genre + Topic or Theme) statement as your paragraph’s thesis. Parenthetical citations for Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare (TN Act.Scene.Line/s) = (TN ) or (TN I.II.62-63) Work to smoothly integrate textual evidence with TIE “T” Tag: quote first, context second “I” Introduce: context first, quote second “E” Embed: context, quote, context

Twelfth Night Act 2 Study Guide Questions
ACT II SCENE i 1. This scene provides additional dramatic irony in the play. What does this mean and how is it so? 2. How might the introduction of Sebastian be important to later events in the play? 3. Where does Sebastian intend to go? Why can't Antonio go with him? ACT II SCENE ii 1. How does Viola react when Malvolio catches up to her and wishes to return the ring to her? 2. What realization does Viola make once Malvolio exits? How does she feel about this? ACT II SCENE iii 1. When the scene opens, what mood is Sir Toby in? What mood is Sir Andrew in? How easily is Sir Andrew's mood changed? 3. Why does Maria enter and what does she warn them of? 4. What does Malvolio want with the three? How does he act towards them? 5. What threat does Malvolio issue to Maria? 6. What scheme does Maria devise once Malvolio exits? What is the ultimate purpose of the plan? 7. Why do you think Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Maria dislike Malvolio so much? 8. What opinion does Sir Toby hold for Maria at the end of the scene? ACT II SCENE iv 1. What warning does the Duke give "Cesario" regarding love? 2. What opinion on older women and marriage does the Duke hold? How might this reflect Shakespeare's own opinions? 3. What does the Duke send "Cesario" back to tell Olivia? What does this reveal about the nature of the Duke's love? 4. What opinions on women and love does the Duke express to "Cesario"? How does "Cesario" respond to these opinions? What is amusing about "Cesario's" argument? ACT II SCENE v 1. What does Maria tell Sir Toby, Fabian, and Sir Andrew to do? 2. What is Malvolio daydreaming about even before he picks up the letter? Why does Malvolio believe the letter is to him? 4. What things does Maria put in the letter to help make Malvolio look like an idiot to Olovia? Why will doing these things make Malvolio look like a fool?

Double Vision In act 2, scene 2, Viola/Cesario realizes the consequences of her male disguise, both for herself and for others. She coolly confronts the haughty Malvolio as he overtakes her in the street. Despite his arrogant condescension in throwing the ring at her, she realizes why Olivia sent it. After Malvolio exits, Viola examines the whole situation in her soliloquy. Then she turns her attention from the truth of the present to the question of the future. How will this turn out? The love triangle has set up a unique situation. Orsino loves Olivia; Olivia does not love Orsino. Orsino does not love Viola, who he only knows as his male page, Cesario. The disguise has create a problem. Viola cannot be what she is and knows she is not what she seems to be. At the end of her soliloquy she decides to let time untangle this twisted love knot, as if it is beyond her power to control. Meanwhile, Orsino is so blind to everything but his own emotional turmoil that he fails to see through Viola’s disguise. In one breath, he claims a woman should take an older husband because men’s fancies are less lasting than a woman’s. In the next breath, he claims men should take younger women since beauty fades fast. Which characters in the play spend time in disguise, and how is this thematically important? Aside from physical disguises, are there other forms of deception in Twelfth Night? If so, what are they?

Act 3 Theme Quickwrite Madness

Madness How does the act represent the theme? Provide specific details from the act, citing specific speakers and using quotes to support your response. Include a TAG (Title, Author, Genre + Topic or Theme) statement as your paragraph’s thesis. Parenthetical citations for Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare (TN Act.Scene.Line/s) = (TN ) or (TN I.II.62-63) Work to smoothly integrate textual evidence with TIE “T” Tag: quote first, context second “I” Introduce: context first, quote second “E” Embed: context, quote, context

The Role of the Fool Shakespeare’s Fools are often the most complex characters in his plays, and Twelfth Night’s Feste is no exception. Is Feste a wise Fool, a foolish Fool, or a bit of both? How does his role help to develop the other characters in the play, such as Olivia, Sir Toby and Malvolio? How is he different than the other characters? How does Feste influence the plot? Does he serve a role between the play and the audience? What are his overall purposes in the production? How does he contribute to the madness? Or, is he the character who is the least mad?

ACT III SCENE i 1. Why do Viola and Feste seem to get along so well? 2. What is Olivia so concerned with that she keeps asking Cesario to tell her? 3. What does Olivia reveal to "Cesario" and how does "Cesario" respond? 4. Why does Olivia ask "Cesario" to come back? ACT III SCENE ii 1. Why does Sir Andrew tell Sir Toby he is going to leave? How do Sir Toby and Fabian convince him to stay? 2. What do Sir Toby and Fabian send Sir Andrew off to do? 3. What is revealed about Sir Toby's 'friendship' with Sir Andrew? 4. What does Sir Toby plan to do with the letter? ACT III SCENE iii 1. Why does Antonio risk going to Illyria to find Sebastian? Why is Antonio in danger in Illyria? 2. Where does Antonio tell Sebastian to meet him? Why does Antonio give Sebastian his purse? ACT III SCENE iv 1. Why does Olivia want to see Malvolio? What does Maria tell Olivia about Malvolio? 3. How does Olivia respond to this "new" Malvolio? Who does Olivia ask to look after Malvolio? How might this be a bad thing for Malvolio? 5. How do Sir Toby, Maria, and Fabian treat Malvolio? What does Sir Toby say they're going to do to Malvolio? 7. What does Sir Toby tell Andrew he thinks of his letter? What does he really think? 8. What does Olivia ask "Cesario" to do for her? What does "Cesario" ask Olivia to do? 10. How does Viola respond to Sir Toby's challenge from Sir Andrew? How does Sir Toby describe Sir Andrew to Viola? What does Sir Toby tell Sir Andrew about his confrontation with Viola? 13. What does Sir Andrew tell Sir Toby to tell Viola in response to this? Does he do this? 14. What happens when Antonio enters and Sir Andrew and Viola are drawn on one another? Why is this? 15. What do the officers do to Antonio when they see him? 16. How does Viola react to Antonio's questions? What does Viola begin to think once Antonio is taken away? 18. What does Sir Toby think of Viola's treatment of Antonio? What does Sir Andrew decide because of this? 20. What "bet" does Sir Toby make at the end of the scene?

Act 4 Theme Quickwrite Love and Desire

Love and Desire How does the act represent the theme? Provide specific details from the act, citing specific speakers and using quotes to support your response. Include a TAG (Title, Author, Genre + Topic or Theme) statement as your paragraph’s thesis. Parenthetical citations for Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare (TN Act.Scene.Line/s) = (TN ) or (TN I.II.62-63) Work to smoothly integrate textual evidence with TIE “T” Tag: quote first, context second “I” Introduce: context first, quote second “E” Embed: context, quote, context

ACT IV SCENE i 1. What is the problem between Feste and Sebastian? 2. What happens when Sir Andrew "catches up" with Sebastian? 3. How does Sir Toby become involved? 4. What happens when Olivia sees Sir Toby and Sebastian? 5. What does Olivia ask Sebastian and how does he respond? ACT IV SCENE ii 1. Who does Feste dress up as and pretend to be? 2. How does Feste worsen things for Malvolio? 3. What does Sir Toby realize and become afraid of? 4. What does Malvolio ask Feste for? 5. How would you describe Malvolio's frame of mind? ACT IV SCENE iii 1. What does Sebastian think of Olivia and his situation? 2. What proposition does Olivia offer and how does Sebastian respond? 3. Why might it make sense for Sebastian to respond this way?

If Music Be the Food of Love . . .
Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and as such, love is the primary focus. Why do you believe each of the characters falls in love? Was it because of the situation itself, because of the personality of the other person, or because of his or her outward appearance? How is romantic love depicted in the play? What points does Shakespeare seem to be making about romance? How closely related are the ideas of love and suffering? Does anyone fall in love in this play who doesn't suffer? How does this relate to your own life? Do some of the characters even enjoy their own suffering? Given that this is a romantic comedy, what was Shakespeare’s purpose in showing the pain love can cause? Overall, what do you believe The Bard was saying about life and love in Twelfth Night?

Act 5 Theme Quickwrite Gender and Sexual Identity

Gender and Sexual Identity How does the act represent the theme? Provide specific details from the act, citing specific speakers and using quotes to support your response. Include a TAG (Title, Author, Genre + Topic or Theme) statement as your paragraph’s thesis. Parenthetical citations for Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare (TN Act.Scene.Line/s) = (TN ) or (TN I.II.62-63) Work to smoothly integrate textual evidence with TIE “T” Tag: quote first, context second “I” Introduce: context first, quote second “E” Embed: context, quote, context

ACT V SCENE i 1. When Antonio tells the Duke that he rescued "Cesario" from the sea how does the Duke respond? 2. What does the Duke say to "Cesario" when Olivia calls "Cesario" her husband? 3. What does Sir Andrew say when he enters? Why is this confusing to everyone? 4. How does Olivia react when she learns who she's really married to? 5. How does the Duke react when he realizes "Cesario" is really a woman? 6. What does Malvolio say in his letter to Olivia? 7. How does Olivia put two-and-two together to figure out what has really happened to Malvolio? 8. What happens with Sir Toby and Maria? Why? 9. How does the play end?

Stereotypes When Shakespeare’s plays, including Twelfth Night, were first produced, all-male casts performed them. Also, he wrote many plays where female characters disguised themselves as men and sometimes, female characters adopted the gender roles of the male. Why does Viola disguise herself as a boy in Twelfth Night? How are women thought of and treated in the play? What stereotypes are made or broken about gender and sexuality? How are definitions gender and sexuality left ambiguous by the end of the play? Are women and men treated differently today? How so? How have definitions of gender and sexuality changed?

Twelfth Night Themes love as a form of insanity
love as suffering or illness the uncertainty of identity the uncertainty of gender the folly of prideful ambition the fickle nature of love the fleeting nature of youth and beauty the comic and tragic effects of deception the idea the events are controlled by fate

Twelfth Night Symbols and Motifs
the darkness of Malvolio's prison Olivia’s gift to Cesario disguises and altered identities songs and poems courtship and romantic speeches nautical and sailing metaphors hunting references and metaphors references to Greek and Roman mythology puns and wordplay sexual innuendos the satirizing of philosophers and intellectuals

Twelfth Night Theme and Character Groups
Within your table group, you each received a sheet with a different theme. Read the paragraph overview of the theme and then answer the questions in writing at the bottom of your paper. After finishing, flip your paper over and complete the character development sketch. The character you choose to analyze depends on your theme. Which character would best exemplify your theme? When all members of the table group have finished, its time to share. Each group member needs to take a turn first presenting their theme and then their particular character.

Twelfth Night Final Project
Choose one project from the list of culminating activities to complete your study of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. Projects can be completed individually or as part of a group. Grades will be given individually, however. Your contribution to a group project must be apparent. For instance, if a group chooses #19 on the list, equal participation from all involved should be shown. Projects will be presented in class.

Twelfth Night As you come in today, please put Twelfth Night booklets on my desk. Turn in Character Notes and Literary Devices to period trays. Movie! 1996 version directed by Trevor Nunn!

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