1. Environmental Thermal Engineering
Lecture # 15
Min soo Kim
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

2. Overview and Desing of Building Air Condition System and T. A. B.

3. Overview and Design of BACS Building energy-saving technology T. A. B.
Contents
Overview and Design of BACS
Building energy-saving technology
T. A. B.

4. 1. Overview and Design of Building Air Conditioning System

5. Comfort and Air conditioning
Humans are originally weak and pursue comfort. Humans want proper temparature and humidity. But climate discord to this demand, so human's comfort is not easily realized.
Human can not change the climate at specific region but only limited spaces such as home, office and building.
Method of Air conditioning : heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification, purifying, deodorization

6. Comfort and Air conditioning
Temperature difference between human body(28~37oC) and pleasant one (23~25oC)
Human feel comfort when appropriately emit heat.
Comparing : Human vs Heat Engine
Releasing wast heat is needed. (So we feel stuffiness in the packed subway)
It’s the reason for using fan, air-conditioner heat-pump.
Air-conditioning effect on work, study and even date(?).

7. Industrial Application of AC
Electric
Medical
Environmental control at semiconductor Company
Operation room
MRI
Cooling at medicine company
Fiber
Application
Food
Isothermal-isohumidity control at fiber company
Food storage
Food processing
Freezing and cooling
Macninery
Heat treatment at metal company
Space environment test facility
Cooling measuring equipment
Building
Chemistry
Office cooilng and heating
Home cooling and heating
Air conditioning
Factory heating
Freeze-drying
Freezing and liquefying in process

8. Building Air Conditioning System
Application
BACS?
It’s a system that include heating, cooling, humidifying, de-humidifying and cleaning harmful particles to suit the purpose of the building.

9. Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design
Object, Function,
Size, Structure,
Budget, Period

10. Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design
Scope, Indoor Environment
Methods, Budget
Size and location of control room
Layout of duct and pipe
Data collection
Master-plan, Outline, Budget bill

11. Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design
Method of air conditioning
Method of heating & cooling
Calculating electric load
Plecement plan of space and machinery
A sheme drawing
Outline specification

12. Designing BACS Enforcement design Idea Plan Concept design
Calculation of load and air volume
Select appropriate equipment
Designing and drafting duct and pipe
Making budget bill

13. 2. Building energy-saving technology

14. Building energy-saving
Energy-saving Technology
Load reducing Tech - Reducing load
Building equipment Tech - Improve Efficiency - Optimal Operation
Building’s energy consumption in Korea is 40%.

15. Type of technologies Load Reducing Tech Building Equipment Tech
Heat load reducing
Ventilation load reducing
Lighting load reducing
Using nature energy
Combine designing system
Equipment planning
Heating system
Heat transport
Heat exchanging
Electric equipment
Control Technology

16. Building energy-saving
Load Reducing Tech
Heat load reducing
Ventilation load reducing
Designing and choosing appropriate building skin and structure
Improve Heat efficiency of Building
“Double Skin”
This building’s annual energy consumption is 74Mcal.
General office building’s annual energy consumption is 300~350Mcal per 1㎡.
- Korea Institute of Energy Research
Minimize contamination
Active use of nature ventilation
Minimize heat lose during ventilation
Use high-efficiency ventilator

17. Building energy-saving
Load Reducing Tech
Lighting load reducing
Lighting energy consumption is 30% of total energy use of building
Nature lighting design & control - Use windows and doors
Induction nature lighting system - Induce sunlight by using duct, light fiber
1. Example of nature lighting
2. Example of Light Shelves

18. Building energy-saving
Load Reducing Tech
Using nature energy
Combine designing system
Solar heat
(Nature, Equipment, Hybrid)
Nature ventilation cooling
Geothermal, underground water
Wind energy
Example of using geothermal
- Gain energy by thermal difference between air and underground
Placement plan
Performance evaluation by simulation

19. Building energy-saving
Building equipment Tech
Technology for designing plan
Technology for facilities for heat source
Select proper air conditioning system
Design optimized system for building
Facility for heating source
Facility for cooling source
Facility for integrated source
( Heat pump, Heat storage system, Combined heat and power generation system)
Example of heat storage

20. Building energy-saving
Building equipment Tech
Heat Transfer
Heat exchange
Electric Equipment
Control Tech
Machinery - Fan, Pump, Booster
Line – Duct, Damper, Pipe, Valve
Air Blower
Pump
Total exchanger, Sensible exchanger, Ondol(온돌), Heat recovering device
Duct
Heat Exchanger

21. 3. T. A. B.

22. Definition of T.A.B. T. A. B.? Test, Adjusting, Balancing
Testing medium(Air, Water)’s quality or quantity is appropriate to constructed facility
Adjusting error
Balancing facility system

23. Secure performance and quality of air Comfort of Indoor Environment
Advantage of T.A.B.
Energy saving
Extension of life span
Secure performance and quality of air
Comfort of Indoor Environment
Prevention of noise

24. Expected benefits of T.A.B.
Initial investment saving
Operation cost saving
Construction quality increase
Equipment life extension
Renovation under
Perfect Planning
Compose comfortable environment
Efficient operation management

25. Performing process order of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
T. A. B.
Final Report

26. System Classification
Air conditioner
Variable/Constant air volume unit
Air distribution system
Heating/Ventilation unit
Fan
Duct & Duct mechanism
Boiler & Refrigerator
Cooling tower
Water distribution
system
Heat exchanger
Pump
Pipe

27. Implementation process of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Understand and examine the air conditioning equipment by using design drawing, design bill and reference material.
Find deficiencies and propose alternatives.
One of the most important parts.
Choosing the appropriate time is needed.

28. Implementation process of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
For smooth progress of T.A.B. process, write each system’s drawing and specification on reports(test, adjustment, evaluation) based on design drawing, design bill and reference material.
Make it useful when system or field inspection is held.

29. Implementation process of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Check following points frequently
Coincidence with designed drawing
Coincidence with designed load
Quality of construction
Missing installation or poor quality
Problems when unnecessary change occurs
Electric status : Power, Voltage, Electric current, Rotation, Connection
Record level on plates of equipment
Automatic control system

30. Implementation process of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Major part of T.A.B. Work
Technician should perform at field.
It should implement after every details(include equipment setup) are done.
Workers should repeatedly work until target building’s whole conditions become equilibrium.

31. Implementation process of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Air Distribution
System

32. Implementation process of T.A.B.
Air Distribution
System
Static pressure measurement : calculate air volume
Total Pressure = Outlet Pressure – Inlet Pressure
Static Pressure = Total Pressure – Velocity Pressure
velocity pressure = Fan outlet air pressure corresponding to its speed
Measure static pressure before and after coil and filter in air conditioner

33. Implementation process of T.A.B.
Air Distribution
System
Distribute air at main, main branch and branch duct. Repeatedly adjust at terminal. Analyze sum of air volume at supply fan and terminal.
Measure noise and consider a countermeasure when it exceed a regulated spec
Write on the prescribed form
Modify after consultation with the representative, and repeat the process until it is in perfect condition

34. Implementation process of T.A.B.
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Air Distribution
System
Water Distribution
System

35. Implementation process of T.A.B.
Water Distribution
System
Measure flux and pressure at pump
Confirm that changing state is coincidence to performance curve
Measure flux at branch main/line, coil and heat exchanger
Measure temperature and pressure at inlet/outlet
Measure flux and performance at terminal
Repeatedly modify when abnormal situation
If using automatic flux valve, manually open the valve to make maximum flux and adjust operating range of automatic flux valve.

36. Implementation process of T.A.B.
Air Distribution
System
Water Distribution
System
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Automatic Control
System
System should appropriately counteract to changes in outlet/inlet condition’s change.
Check that system is appropriately installed to follow design intent.
To smooth operation of air/water distribution system, ACS’s smooth operation is the most important factor.

37. Implementation process of T.A.B.
Air Distribution
System
Water Distribution
System
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Automatic Control
System
Control
Temp & Humidity
Control temperature and humidity to appropriate condition based on sensor installed at indoor or duct.

38. Implementation process of T.A.B.
Air Distribution
System
Water Distribution
System
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.
Automatic Control
System
Control
Temp & Humidity
Measure
Noise
Measure noise after whole installation is done.

39. Implementation process of T.A.B.
After whole process, the person in charge need to write a final report of air-conditioner that include test, adjustment, evaluation, whole process.
Building overview and function
Overview of air conditioner
Service’s purpose, organization, range and contents, period and schedule.
Measured value, updated value, final adjustment value
Problem and alternative solution
Significant to report
Photo of measurement equipment
Photo of working field
Other detail
System Examination
Preliminary Report
Field Inspection
Final Report
T. A. B.

40. Example of final report of T.A.B.
Measure and record of ventilator
→ One of air distribution system at final report