1. PARTS OF SPEECH: Components of Language\\

2. DIRECTIONS:
For this presentation, you will need to take careful and detailed notes in the MUGS section of your binder. After this slide, make sure to get the notes and respond to each question and example.

3. Goal: Evaluate word functions and relationships through study of parts of speech.
By the end of this unit, I will be able to identify the part of speech of any word in any sentence.
Self-assessment:
BEFORE: Rate your mastery of parts of speech (4, 3, 2, 1)

4. THINK-PAIR-SHARE:
With a partner, discuss and compose your responses to the following:
Define the phrase “parts of speech”.
What is the purpose of studying parts of speech?
Which parts of speech are most difficult to master and why?

5. How much do I know?
Label each underlined word with its part of speech:
I have a dog.
She has a crooked tooth.
Her name is Snaggles.

6. Find the Nouns: people, places, things ideas
Find the Nouns: people, places, things ideas. Find the Adjectives: describe the nouns. Find the Pronouns: replace the nouns.
Ex: My dog Snaggles is a chihuahua.

7. What other types of pronouns do I need to know besides the personal pronouns?
Demonstrative pronouns: point out a specific noun :
this, that, these, those
Ex: This is the dog who sleeps all day.
Interrogative pronouns: introduce a question
who, whom, which, what, whose
Ex: Who could love such a lazy dog?
Relative pronouns: introduce a subordinate clause:
That, which, who, whom, whose
Ex: The dog that we found was quite the couch potato.

8. One more type of pronoun: The Indefinite Pronoun
The indefinite pronoun refers to a noun that isn’t specifically named:
Ex: Not everyone likes small, lazy old dogs, but we do.
List: all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everyone, everything, few, many, more, most, much, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, something, such.
Ex: However, anyone could tell you that she is a sweet dog that would never hurt anybody.

9. Indefinite Pronouns: singular or plural?

10. Pronoun-antecedent Agreement: Pronoun=replaces a noun/pronoun Antecedent=the noun/pronoun it replaces

11. DO NOW: Identify the correct verb or pronoun choice, depending on whether the indefinite pronoun is singular or plural:
Each of the students is/are studying for the quiz.
Everybody who came to class, shut off his/her/their phone.
Of the students, several are/is riding his/her/their bikes to school today.

12. Find the Verbs: words that express action or a state of being
Ex: One day we saw Snaggles wasn’t eating her dinner.
Every verb must have a tense, which tell us when it is happening.
Action verbs: show an action
Linking verbs: connect the subject to a word or group of words that identify or describe the subject.
What are the most common linking verbs?
Appear, be, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

13. To be verbs: in all their forms and glory
Be shall be should be
Being will be would be
Am has been can be
Is have been could be
Are had been should have been
Was shall have been would have been
Were will have been could have been

14. Find the linking verb:
Snaggles appeared withdrawn and didn’t touch food for a whole day.
Snaggles was miserable because her tooth hurt.
The doctors were sure that she had an infection in her snaggle tooth!
We grew sad at the news.
I felt that we had to have her tooth removed.

15. Some verbs can be action or linking:
Identify the verbs as linking or action:
I smelled the chocolate cake.
The chocolate cake smells delicious.
I looked around to see if the cake belonged to anybody.
It looked like it was up for grabs!
I felt like eating it.
However, I dropped my glasses, so I have to feel the table to find it.

16. Verbs sometimes have helpers: Helping verbs help the main verb express and action or state of being.
They are usually a form of “to be.”
Helping verbs precede the main verb.
Together the main verb and helping verb create a verb phrase.
Other helping verbs: can could, did, do, does, had, has, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would.
Ex: We have waited a couple days and the tooth drama has not subsided.
Ex: We realized we may need to get her surgery as soon as possible.

17. Linking verbs vs. Helping verbs

18. Find the adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs
Often end in “-ly”
Tell us how, how often, when, where or to what extent.
When Snaggles finally returned home to us, she looked so different.
She was very happy to munch away on an unusually big meal though.

19. Find the prepositions: show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.
Prepositions locate a noun or pronoun in space, time or direction.
They begin a prepositional phrase.
The prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
Hints:
The bird flew ___ the clouds.
The ball went ___ the box.
They have a song to help you remember them.
Ex: When I look at Snaggles I miss her strange old toothy grin.
Ex: Without her snaggletooth she looks like any old dog.

20. Sing the Prepositions: to the tune of Yankee Doodle
Aboard, about, above, across
Against, along, around
Amid, among, after, at
Except, for, during, down
Behind, below, beneath, beside
Between, before, beyond
By, in, from, off, on, over, of
Until, unto, upon
Under, underneath, since, up
Like, near, past, throughout, through
With, within, without, instead
Toward, inside, into, to

21. Find the conjunction: a word that joins words or word groups.
Coordinating conjunctions: join groups of words used the same way.
FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Correlative conjunctions: come in pairs and also join groups of words used the same way.
both…and, either…or, not only…but also, neither…nor, whether…or
Ex: Whether she has her tooth or not though she is special to us.

22. Coordinating vs. Correlative Conjunctions

23. Subordinating Conjunctions: begin a subordinating (dependent clause)
After, although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, because, before, even though, if, in order that, once, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, whether, while
Some may also be used as prepositions.
Ex: Although Snaggles hates cats, she accepts them.
Ex: She doesn’t mind them most of the time, unless they enter her personal space.
Ex: As soon as they get too close to her, she growls baring the few teeth she has left.

24. How can I remember important subordinating conjunctions?

25. What is the comma rule for subordinating conjunctions?

26. Purposes of Subordinating Conjunctions:

27. Goal: Evaluate word functions and relationships through study of parts of speech.
Am I able to identify the part of speech of any word in any sentence?
Self-assessment:
AFTER: Rate your mastery of parts of speech (4, 3, 2, 1)