1. Ancient Greece

2. Greek Components Government Religion Art Cities Trade &
Transport-ation
Writing
Daily Life
Technology

3. The Greek World Creative people Time thinking about purpose of life
Organizing and doing
Democracy
History, philosophy, drama and theater ideas born.
First olympics.
Map of Ancient Greece

4. Greek Timeline B.C. and A.D. Ancient Greek Timeline
1500 years ago, a monk worked out a Christian system for dating events, starting with the year he believed Christ was born. He called the years after this event anno Domini (in the year of the Lord) and the years before Christ’s birth are before Christ.
To data an event before Christ we count backwards from 1.
Ancient Greek Timeline

5. Government & Philosopy
Great Greeks!
Math & Science
Literature
Government & Philosopy
Aristarchus
Homer
Alexander the Great
Euclid
Hesiod
Socrates
Archimedes
Sappho
Phillip II
Eratosthenes
Aescchylus
Plato
Hipparchus
Sophocles
Zeno
Pythagoras
Euripides
Epicurus
Galen
Menander
Pyrrho of Elis
Democritus
Aristotle
Diogenes
Thales
Pindar
Solon

6. Revolutionary Ideas
Freedom (every district separated by mountains or the sea = distinct groups)
No one leader, believe in worth of the individual
Each person do their very best (excellence) at any task he/she undertook
Balance Mind and Body
“Nothing in excess” and “Know thyself”

7. Greek Pottery Large deposits of clays available
Red-figured (background painted black and figures left in natural red of clay)
Black-figured (painted in black over red clay)art
Functional and beautiful
The Greek word for ceramics comes from keramos. This name came from Keramikos, a part of Athens near or around the Dipylon Gate. Potters lived and produced their wares in this area.

8. Greek Architecture Columns Seen in several of the buildings
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Seen in several of the buildings
Parthenon
Temples
Theaters
Closer Look

9. The Acropolis
City of Athens built around a flat-topped limestone rock call the Acropolis=“high city”
Built a wall around it, dedicated it to Athena (Battle Goddess and later Goddess of reason, wisdom and purity)
Religious shrine and fortress, lots of temples to honor their gods & goddesses
View the Acropolis

10. City-States
City-States (polis=political organization) meaning the city, land around it and all the population.
Symbolized home, nation, country and religion
Every citizen participated in the life and government of the polis
Small enough for every citizen (only males who could vote counted), around 5,040 citizens totalling around 50,000 including women & children
All came together as a unit when threatened by foreign power
Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes (check out the cities)

11. Athens Virtual Tour First democracy
Golden Age (grew, five miles from the sea)
Governed by a king that later became a member of the Areopagus, a council of statesmen. Statesmen prepared political matters for the general assembly to vote on and also judged murder trials.
City grew, problems between the farmers and aristocrats, so economic and social reforms to make Athens first democracy in 594B.C.
Survived two Persian Wars, surrendered to Sparta during Peloponnesian War in 404B.C.
Virtual Tour

12. Sparta Second best known city-state Military state, closed society
Valleys of Peloponnesus, fertile & well-watered, three sides surrounded by mountains (great defense)
Spartans:
Male/female rigorouslytrained from birth, physically
Boys taken from families at age 7 to live in barracks, began their only career, a soldier
Learned total obedience, superhuman endurance, and skills of a soldier.
Close-shaved heads, marched barefoot.
Three classes of people:
Spartans, decendents of Dorians, rulers (best soldiers in the world)
Helots, slaves of the state (not able to vote)
Free farmers and craftsmen (not able to vote)
History of Spartans

13. Life as a Spartan boy…
Male/female rigorously trained from birth, physically
Boys taken from families at age 7 to live in barracks, began their only career, a soldier
Learned total obedience, superhuman endurance, and skills of a soldier.
Close-shaved heads, marched barefoot.
Story of a Spartan boy who stole a fox, hid it under his garment and it ate a hole in his stomach, but would never show pain or admit theft.
Age cadet, guarding the borders, policed the country and controlled the slaves. Kill anyone who was rebellious or showed potential leadership (Crispin)
Age 30, married, mature enjoyed rights and duties of a citizen until 60, military duty over then train youth or public service
Lost only two battles in 500 years, terrifying in combat, wearing garlands on their heads and marching to a piper’s religious hymn, total order, now fear
Life as a Spartan Family

14. Marathon
Bay of Marathon 20, 000 Medes and Persians landed
Greeks meet them with 10,000 Athenians and 1,000 Plateans
Before the battle Athenians, sent the fastest runner in Greece to bring help from Sparta (150 miles away)
Spartans wouldn’t come, religious festival (took only two days of running)
Greeks watching Persians from the hills around Marathn, outnumbered, but decided to take them by surprise
Persians thought Greeks crazy and retreated to ships and destroyed 7 of their ships, they retreated.
Sent Pheidippides (already exhausted) to race the 25 miles back to Athens to tell of their victory
Uttered “Rejoice, we conquer” and died.
April 10, 1896 twenty-five young men started running toward Athens from Marathon to recreate that 25 mile run.
1908 changed from 25 miles to 26 miles, later Boston Marathon changed to 26.2 distance from it’s starting to ending points.

15. Life as a Spartan Girl… Freest in Greece
Participated in many sports in public
Throw the discus, wrestled, learned to use javelin (instrument of war)
Healthy mothers = healthy children for their state
Sparta details

16. First Olympics Motto: “Citius, Altius, Fortius” (Latin: “Faster, Higher, Braver”) in 1895 by Father Didon, a French Educator
Goal: to contribute to a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport, which is practiced without discrimination of any kind and in the olympic spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.
Creed: “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win, but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, but to have fought well.
First Olympics

17. Olympic Rings Symbol
Five rings symbolize the five continents represented in the games (Europe, Asia, Oceania and the Americas)
Colors of the rings: Blue, Yellow, Black, Green and Red (every country’s flag in these continents has at least one of these colors in it)

18. Greek Mythology How well do you know your Gods & Goddesses?
Myths are symbolic stories created by the ancient peoples to explain their world. When the ancient Greeks were frightened and did not understand what was going on, they created a story to explain it
example: did not understand thunder, so created a story about a god that was angry and shook the heavens
Gods and Goddesses
Exciting stories, well-defined characters, heroic action, challengin situations and deep emotions (magic, beauty, strong visual images)
How well do you know your Gods & Goddesses?

19. Aesop’s Fables Aesop was a Greek slave who wrote fables
Fables are short stories that teach a moral truth.
Simple plots, animal characters symbolizing human traits and explicitly stated morals

20. Ancient Instrument Greek lyre Made from large tortoise shell
Similar to Harp of today
Apollo, the God of Music, played for other Gods on Mount Olympus

21. Greek Roots
Many of our words today are borrowed from the Ancient Greeks
The root of many words like telescope (tele=far off) or thermometer (thermo=heat)

22. Greek Alphabet
The word alphabet comes from alpha and beta, the first two characters in the Greek alphabet.

23. Greek Literature Iliad and the Odyssey, by blind poet Homer
Written and recited as songs
Iliad means “poem about Troy”, tells a tale of a great hero or many great heros
Odyssey, brother to Iliad