1. I. Before Columbus A. First Americans
1. 50 million to 300 million in Americas
2. Theories of Arrival
a. Rain Cycle
i. evaporation
ii. condensation and return to sea
iii. currents
a. clockwise in northern hemisphere
b. counter-clockwise in southern hemisphere
i. Ice Age 11,000-9,000 BC
a. exposed land
b. Land Bridge Theory
i. wild grazing animals and grass
ii. predators
c. Other theories?

3. d. evidence
i. Clovis, NM 9,500 BC (Clovis points)
ii. Arlington Springs woman 11,000 BC
3. Hunters and Gatherers
a. division of labor by gender
i. Males – hunters
ii. Females – gatherers
b. technology
i. Stone and bone tools
ii. Some knowledge of metals & agriculture
a. copper, silver, & gold
iii. Domesticated Animals