1. Issues hindering the Adoption of BioEnergy in Pakistan
Umair Usman (Usman Group)

2. Pakistan 180+ million, second largest in South Asia
Next Eleven Countries
SAARC, G-20 and OIC
Frontline state of terror

3. Pakistan Growth

4. Pakistan-Energy Demand

5. Pakistan Energy Crisis
GDP growth fell to 2.3% by —, 4.1% by
Manufacturing declined by 3.3%, Large Scale manufacturing by 7.7%
Energy Supply and Demand Gap (MTOE: Millions of Tons Oil equivalent)

6. Pakistan Energy Profile
Total Primary energy supply
Natural Gas 48.8%
Oil 31.4%
Hydroelectricity 10.6%
Electricity overall 15.6% of total primary energy consumed
Energy mix skewed towards, Oil, Gas and Hydroelectricity

7. Pakistan Energy Profile-Crisis
Natural gas- Depleting reserves, Creating shortage. Transport effected. Cripples economy by (Hagler Bailly, 2005)
Oil, 80-82% is imported, 29.2% of imports. Presently $12 billion. Puts huge pressure on finances
Hydroelectricity- reduction in hydro MW Transmission losses. Oil making 68% of generating capacity
A few expensive and insecure sources.

8. Potential for Biomass 62% of the population lives in the rural areas
Agriculture accounts for 21.6% of the GDP and employees 43% of the total workforce. 18th most competitive
Of the Total area of million hectares of the country, 27% is cultivated
Maize and Sugar , among the top 5 crops of the country

9. Potential for Biomass
Livestock -53.2% of Agricultural output and 11.4% to GDP
Estimated livestock population 30.8 million Buffaloes, 34.3 million cattle,59.9 million goats, sheep 27.8 and  610 million chickens
Average  2 cattle/household
Biogas estimates varies between  million m³

10. Biogas Small Business
Selling small Domestic BioGas Digestors to Rural Households
Turn Key operations and Instructions
Outskirts of Lahore, sophisticated customers

11. Biogas Small Business-Hindrances
Micro
High initial cost-Rs70,000, subsidies Rs
New utensils

12. Biogas Small Business-Hinderances
Macro-Long term, industry and country level
Houesholds without sufficient manure of their own <4 buffaloes
Resistance to change of society way of cooking, heating and using manure
Little Government support

13. BioEthanol Small Business
Producing and Direct Marketing E-10
Households and large businesses
Sweet Sorghum
1 million gallon annual capacity

14. Biogas Small Business-Hindrances
Micro
Not enough Sorghum production
12-14 hour power shortage
Little economic sense / Electricity inflation

15. Biogas Small Business-Hindrances
Macro-Long term, industry and country level
Using Maize /Sugarcane/Wheat can cause price hikes
No available distribution unless dealing with
Oil Marketing Companies
Little government support/action

16. Recommendations
Private and Public Sector alone cannot create a thriving Biomass Industry
Universities, NGOs, Business people, Development agencies, most of all Government

17. Public Private Partnerships-BioGas
Larger Community bio gas plants for domestic use
Government identifies and directs funds, collects revenue
Constructed by private sector who will also
ensure a distribution network of manure, and
sell utensils

18. Public Private Partnerships-BioGas
Manure prices in informal market
Regulations for promotion, phasing out of traditional biomass in rural areas
Transport requires a different model
Industry requires, business specific models

19. Public Private Partnerships-BioEthanol
Excellent plan that needs work
Government subsidies Ethanol produced by Sugar Mill owners
Beyond PSO and include all Oil Marketing Companies
Incentives, steady feedstock prices ensure input costs and food costs do not rise

20. Public Private Partnerships for Biomass
BioEthanol and BioGas require bigger scale for economies, impact and expertise
Funding from Development agencies and Banks
Consultants and experts such as Sintex, SNG for BioGas, and industry leaders from Brazil
Several stake holders necessary. Corruption, miss- appropriation of funds require Stakeholders as Accountability, Lobbying and long-term policies

21. Conclusion
Big issues for energy crisis in Pakistan and everyone needs to work together
Water shortage a big issue for Biomass
BioEnergy not enough, energy mix needs to diversify.
Broaden energy mix & create a sustainable alternate/BioEnergy industry for continuous economic growth & prosperity

22. Thank You
Umair Usman