1. Child Development

2. Nature V. Nurture Debate
Nature- your genes or hereditary traits determine your behaviors
Nurture- your environment shapes your behavior

3. Emotional Development
Temperament (Nature)- individual differences in attention, arousal, and reactivity to new situations
Easy Babies- 40% happy, cheerful, regular eating/sleeping habits
Slow to Warm Up- 15% more moody & withdrawn
Difficult- 10% fearful & fussy, more serious emotional problems
No-Single Category- 35% variety of traits

4. Emotional Development
Attachment- bond between child & caregiver
availability & sensitivity of care taker important to develop a strong & secure attachment

5. Harlow’s Attachment Studies with Monkeys
Harlow isolated infant monkeys & placed them with 2 surrogate moms: on made of wire with a nipple and the other made of terry cloth
The infants preferred the terry cloth mom
When introduced to other monkeys they showed abnormal behaviors

8. Mary Ainsworth Attachment Studies
Infant & mom placed in an unfamiliar room with lots of toys
Researchers observe baby’s response to the environment with mom in the room, then mom leaves & then returns
Secure Babies
Insecure Babies

11. Cognitive Development
Children understanding things through 2 active processes:
Assimilation- child uses old method to deal with new situation
Accommodation- child changes old method to deal with new situation

12. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development

13. Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor (birth-2)- learn about environment by relating it to senses or motor actions (sucking, grasping)
Object Permanence (8-9mo.)- baby realizes objects still exist if not seen
Preoperational (2-7)- use symbols, solve simple problems
Egocentric thinking- only see things from their point of view
No conservation skills

14. Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Concrete Operational (7-11)- perform logical mental operations on concrete objects
Conservation- realize even though a shape of an object may change, the total amount remains the same
Classification- classify objects in multiple categories
Formal Operations (12- adult)- think about & solve abstract problems

16. Social Development Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Each stage is related to a different problem that needs to be resolved
If we successfully deal with it then we develop positive personality traits
If we are not successful then we may develop social or personality problems

17. Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Trust v. Mistrust (birth-1)
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt (1-3)
Initiative v. Guilt (3-5)
Industry v. Inferiority (5-12)
Identity v. Role Confusion (adolescence)
Intimacy v. Isolation (20-40)
Generativity v. Stagnation (40-65)
Integrity v. Despair (65+)

18. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Stage 1: Obedience & Punishment (1-5)
Stage 2: Looking out for #1(5-10)
Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl (8-16)
Stage 4: Law & Order
Stage 5: Justice through democracy
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principal