1. Regulation of osteoblast (A) and osteoclast (B) development
Regulation of osteoblast (A) and osteoclast (B) development. Hormones, cytokines, and growth factors regulating cell proliferation and differentiation are shown above the arrows. Transcription factors regulating cell proliferation and differentiation are shown below the arrows. BMPs, bone morphogenic proteins; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Vit D, vitamin D; IGFs, insulin-like growth factors; CBFA1, core binding factor A1; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; PU-1, a monocyte- and B lymphocyte-specific ets family transcription factor; NFkB, nuclear factor kB; TRAF, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors; RANK ligand, receptor activator of NFkB ligand; IL-1, interleukin 1; IL-6, interleukin 6. (Reproduced with permission from Jameson JL. Principles of endocrinology. In: Jameson JL, ed. Harrison’s Endocrinology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2006, Figure 23-1, p. 412.)
Source: Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Pediatric Practice: Endocrinology, 2e
Citation: Kappy MS, Allen DB, Geffner ME. Pediatric Practice: Endocrinology, 2e; 2013 Available at: Accessed: December 15, 2017
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