1. Chapter 2 Population and Health
Part 2 Key Issues 3 and 4

2. Key Issue 3
Why Does Population Growth Vary Among Regions?

3. Demographic Transition
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Demographic Transition
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4. Thinking Like A Geographer
How/why do demographers use the DTM?
How does the DTM show population change over time?
Is the DTM still hold true /relevant?

5. Is the DTM Still Relevant?
Critics Say…
Based on England only
Population growing much faster then ever before
Graying Population living longer than ever
Medical Revolution- 1900’s

6. Will There Be a Stage 5?
A possible Stage 5 would include countries in which fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement level (2 children) and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population.

7. Once Again- Just For Fun!
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8. Think About It…

9. Declining Birth Rates A result of
Better education for girls and women and knowledge of health care
Widespread use of family planning/contraception (NOT a universally accepted practice)

10. Use of Family Planning
Fig. 2-22: Both the extent of family planning use and the methods used vary widely by country and culture.

11. Malthus on Overpopulation
Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus was an English demographer best known for his pessimistic but highly influential views
Argued that the population would out run their food, because food increased mathematically and population increased exponentially.
Believed war, disease, or famine would equalize population growth unless people used “moral restraint”
(February, 1766 – December 23, 1834)

12. Pick A Green… Any Green
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13. Neo-Malthusians
Claim that more LDC’s are in stage 2 of the demographic transition that ever before in history, thus putting a larger strain on the food supply
Believe population growth is out-stripping not just food production, but a wide variety of resources, such as oil and natural gas
Argue that population will be in check because of the scarcity of food will increase war, disease and death

15. Boserup’s Theory
Danish economist who theorized that food production can, and will, increase to match the needs of the population.
Believed that the threat of starvation and the challenge of feeding more mouths motivates people to improve their farming methods and invent new technologies to produce more food.

16. Food & Population, 1950-2000 Malthus vs. Actual Trends
Fig. 2-20: Malthus predicted population would grow faster than food production, but food production actually expanded faster than population in the 2nd half of the 20th century.

17. Japan’s Population Decline
Japan’s NIR is shrinking
Will impact the dependency ratio
Immigration is not encouraged
Mothers encouraged not to work

18. Population Futures… Stage 5?
Demographers predict the global population will be 9.5 billion by 2050
The majority of the growth will be in LDCs
MDCs may move into Stage 5 of the DTM
CBRs are lowering, but CDRs are rising (many more elderly)

19. India’s Population Policies
1st country to develop government family planning program
Educate women about birth control, clinics and free birth control devices
Legal abortions
Sterilization in return for a payment

20. China’s Population Policies
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In 1980, the Chinese government began a temporary one-child policy
Need a government permit to have a child
Age restrictions on marriage
Rewards for having just one child
Wealthy families sometimes pay a fee for a second child

21. Key Issue 4
Why Do Some Regions Face Health Issues?

22. The Epidemiologic Transition
Epidemiologists study the occurrence, distribution, and control of disease that are prevalent among a population during special times, causes, and circumstances The Epidemiologic Transition connects specific health threats to each stage of the DTM Epidemiologists strive to understand distinctive distribution and diffusion patterns of diseases

23. Quick Overview

24. The Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 1 (High CDR)
Stage 1 – Infectious/parasitic disease, accidents, animal attacks
Black Plague is a Stage example: killed 25 million- ½ of Europe’s population

25. The Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 2 (Rapidly Declining CDR)
Stage 2 – Receding Pandemics
Cholera is a Stage 2 example

26. The Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 3 (Moderately Declining CDR)
Stage 3- Degenerative and human created diseases
Decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and an increase in disorders associated with aging
Cardiovascular disease and cancer

27. Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 4 (Low, but Increasing CDRs)
APHG Population - Chapter 2
Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 4 (Low, but Increasing CDRs)
Stage 4- Delayed degenerative diseases such as heart diseases and cancer
Life is extended through medical advances
llhammon Spring 2013

28. Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 5? Reemergence of Infectious Diseases
APHG Population - Chapter 2
Epidemiologic Transition: Stage 5? Reemergence of Infectious Diseases
reasons for a POSSIBLE Stage 5
Evolution of new strains of diseases (Malaria)
Poverty (TB)
Globalization and easier travel (H1N1, SARS, AIDS)
llhammon Spring 2013

29. HIV/AIDS Prevalence Rates, 2011
APHG Population - Chapter 2
HIV/AIDS Prevalence Rates, 2011
The highest HIV infection rates are in sub-Saharan Africa. India and China have large numbers of cases, but lower infection rates at present.
llhammon Spring 2013

30. SARS Infections in China, 2003
APHG Population - Chapter 2
SARS Infections in China, 2003
China had 85 percent of the world's SARS cases in Within China, the
infection was highly clustered in Guangdong Province, Hong Kong, and Beijing.
llhammon Spring 2013

31. Tuberculosis Death Rates, 2000
APHG Population - Chapter 2
Tuberculosis Death Rates, 2000
The tuberculosis death rate is a good indicator of a country’s ability to invest in health care. TB is still one of the world’s largest infectious-disease killers.
llhammon Spring 2013

32. Indicators of Health
Demographers also look at infant mortality and life expectancy data
Both these data sets follow the MDC/LDC pattern

34. Provisions of Health Care

35. Medical Services
Most MDCs pay high percentage of medicals costs fro its citizens (USA an exception)
Even in MDCs, governments must make choices… less coverage or higher taxes
People in LDCs have little help with medical costs

36. Case Study: Sub-Saharan Africa
In some areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, people have exceeded the carrying capacity of the region-not enough resources fro the number of people.
This is partly the natural environment, and partly human action.
Since women often are responsible for finding food, additional children are a short-term asset

37. Click the Images to Review!
6 Review Slides and a Mini-quiz!
Check out Chapter 4
Vocab Terms
Publisher’s Review (8th Edition)!

38. Review With Other AP HUG Kids

39. Up Next: Migration
Begin reading Chapter 3