1. Interpret the Political Cartoon

2. GILDED AGE: INDUSTRIALIZATION
TOPIC 4
IMMIGRATION

3. Essential Questions
Identify and explain migration and immigration patterns that developed from the push-pull effects of industrialization and urban development in the 19th century.
Compare and contrast the arguments surrounding the issue of immigration in the United States in the late 19th century.

4. THE NEW COLOSSUS
Emma Lazarus    Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,    With conquering limbs astride from land to land;    Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand    A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame    Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name    Mother of Exiles.  From her beacon-hand    Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command    The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.     “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!” cries she    With silent lips.  “Give me your tired, your poor,    Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,    The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.    Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me:    I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”

5. PUSH and PULL FACTORS
By 1900, eastern and southern Europeans made up more than half of all immigrants.
Of the 14 million immigrants who arrived between and 1900, many were European Jews.
America offered immigrants employment, religious freedom, social advancement, land ownership, and democratic ideals.
Many fled their homelands because of religious oppression, political oppression, poverty, lack of economic opportunity, and the possibility of military conscription.

6. NEW AND OLD Old Immigrants (majority of immigrants prior to 1890)
Northern and Western Europe
Educated
Protestant
Democratic traditions
New Immigrants (majority of immigrants after 1890)
Southern and Eastern Europe
Uneducated
Catholic, Jewish, Eastern Orthodox
Cultural differences

7. ASIAN IMMIGRANTS Predominantly Chinese and Japanese
Attracted to the West Coast by the gold rush and transcontinental rail construction

8. COMING TO AMERICA Arrival and Processing
Ellis Island: New York harbor (East Coast)
Europeans
Went through medical examinations: set aside in a cage and marked (ie: H for heart problems; X for mental disabilities)
Angel Island: San Francisco Bay (West Coast)
Asians
Mainly young males who lived in barracks while awaiting processing
Immigrants were welcomed as cheap labor by business owners, while American workers resented competition for jobs.

10. ANTI-IMMIGRANT SENTIMENT
Define “nativism.”
On the East Coast, old immigrants were disdainful of new immigrants, with their strange languages, religions, and dress.
American Protective Association 1887: anti-Catholic
Immigration Restriction League 1894: anti-New
On the West Coast, where sentiment against the Chinese was very strong, widespread racial violence erupted.
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
Workingman’s Party of California

12. AMERICANIZATION Social Gospel Movement
Idea that the needs of immigrants and the poor should be addressed by churches.
Americanization and Assimilation
Absorbing immigrants into American ideals and culture (whether they like it or not!).
Settlement House Movement
Hull House: Jane Addams in Chicago, IL
Henry Street: Lillian Wald in New York City

14. ESSENTIAL CONCLUSIONS
Immigrants drawn to the United State in the last decade of the 19th century escaped horrible conditions within their own homelands to find many horrible conditions in American cities.
The racism and nativism of American citizens (many of them immigrants themselves) pushed immigrants into the lowest paying jobs and worst housing tenements; nevertheless, reformers like Jane Addams attempted to help immigrants adjust to American life.

15. CHINESE IMMIGRATION
NEW IMMIGRANTS