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Power and Conflict Poetry

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1 Power and Conflict Poetry
Using context effectively Historical: do the ideas in the poem relate to the time in which it’s written or set? Geographical: how is the poem shaped and influenced by the place in which it’s set? Social: is the poem criticising or praising the society or community they’re writing about? Cultural: does the poet draw on a particular aspect of their background or culture? Literary: was the poet influenced by other works of literature or a particular literary movement?

2 AQA says… AO3 is the understanding of the relationship between the ideas in the text and the contexts of the text, such as: • the context in which the text was written • the context within which the text is set (location/social structures and features/cultural contexts/periods in time) • literary contexts such as genres • the contexts in which texts are engaged with by different audiences.

3 Which is more effective? Why?
Look at the following examples of where context has been used in an essay: Agard uses repetition and phonetic spellings in ‘Checking Out Me History’ to link the poem to the traditions of oral poetry. Oral recitation of poetry and history is common in the Caribbean, so by using these techniques, Agard is affirming his Caribbean roots and identity. The first words of ‘Exposure’, “Our brains ache”, suggests the collective suffering of war. Owen grew very disillusioned with the war and ended up in Craiglockhart War Hospital Which is more effective? Why?

4 Poems linked to the theme of war?
Exposure The Charge of the Light Brigade Bayonet Charge Remains Poppies War Photographer Kamikaze What general comments could you make about context linked to some of these poems?

5 It can be a good idea to include references to CONTEXT as part of your topic sentence. Think about how it links to the overarching ideas in the poem. ‘Both Bayonet Charge and Exposure, deal with the horror of WW1 trench warfare. Whilst Owen draws on his own experiences to portray the horror of waiting for action, Hughes highlights the abject terror of a moment of action. Furthermore, the personal connection that both poets have with the subject war gives both texts a deeper and emotional resonance.’ ‘War Photographer and The Charge of the Light Brigade both focus on the unglamorous effects of war. Whilst The Charge of the Light Brigade explores the devastating effects of the battle of balaclava on the soldiers fighting in the Crimean War, Duffy’s War Photographer focuses on the horrific effects war has on innocent people, with one reference specifically referring to a famous photograph taken during the Vietnam War. Now have a go at writing your own topic sentence that links two poems together through their shared context.

6 The Romantics Ozymandius – Percy Bysshe Shelley London – William Blake
The Prelude: Stealing the Boat – William Wordsworth

7 The Romantics Percy Bysshe Shelley, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, George, Lord Byron, William Blake and John Keats 1750s-1820s Only Wordsworth and Coleridge worked together; these poets have subsequently been grouped together later due to similar themes, ideas and issues in their poetry. The term Romantics was first applied in the 19th century.

8 Other Romantics There were some women!
Dorothy Wordsworth, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Felicia Hemans, among many more (the 'Big Six' are all men…) Thomas de Quincey – writer of Confessions of an English Opium Eater Later Romantics include Matthew Arnold This was a movement happening across Europe – Goethe, Hoffmann and Heinrich Heine in Germany, Rousseau and Voltaire in France It was also happening in art – Caspar David Friedrich

9 Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains'
The Romantics were concerned with: The conflict between man and nature, esp. in light of the Industrial Revolution The conflict between the individual and society, especially where society oppresses man's free will The power of human imagination v. fact and scientific progress Enhanced spiritual states (ecstasy produced by immersion in nature, drugs, spiritual revelation etc.) Revolution, bringing about social change (French Revolution ) Yearning for the innocence of childhood Rebellion against 'reason' and fact (The Enlightenment era) and scientific progress The sublime – the feeling of being simultaneously uplifted and terrified by the power of nature.

10 Write some of your own topic sentences using this information…

11 Context Bayonet Charge
Ted Hughes was born in 1930 but his father fought in WW1. His father Bill was at the time a carpenter, one of only 17 men of his regiment who returned from the Dardanelles disaster during the First World War; and that war was a central presence in Ted Hughes's thought from childhood. How might this have influenced Hughes? Does this knowledge change your view of the poem’s tone? Why do you think he decided to make the solider in the poem anonymous?

12 Background and Context
Who: British light cavalry, lead by Lord Cardigan, against Russian forces When: 25th October 1854 Where: at the Battle of Balaclava (Crimean War) What: cavalry charge against artillery (cannon) The Charge of the Light Brigade

13

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