1. Chapter 2 Office and knowledge work
Tablet course
This is Chapter 2 of the ILA-LEAN tablet course called ”Innovative Learning Approaches for Implementation of Lean Thinking to Enhance Office and Knowledge Work Productivity”
„Innovative Learning Approaches for Implementation of Lean Thinking to Enhance Office and Knowledge Work Productivity”
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2. Chapter 2.1 Office and knowledge work definition
Tablet course
We start by Office and Knowledge work definitions.
„Innovative Learning Approaches for Implementation of Lean Thinking to Enhance Office and Knowledge Work Productivity”
ILA-LEAN Project No PL01-KA

3. ILA-LEAN Project No 2016-1-PL01-KA203-026293 - 2016-2018
2.1. Office and knowledge
work definition
There is no single accepted definition to the office and knowledge work
The knowledge work have been defined by various researhers as follows:
The primary task is managing information (Drucker 1969)
Work based on handling knowledge, requiring deep understanding of the work content, and
Knowledge is important ingredient of output. Knowledge work is typically collaborative in nature (Iivari & Linger 1999).
Focus is on the ways of handling knowledge (Davenport 2005, Pyöriä 2005).
Dynamic in nature. Knowledge processes and their connections are invisible. Contains often design activities and exploration (Staats et al. 2011).
There is no single accepted definition to the office and knowledge work.
The knowledge work have been defined by various researhers as follows:
The primary task is managing information (Drucker 1969)
Work based on handling knowledge, requiring deep understanding of the work content, and
Knowledge is important ingredient of output. Knowledge work is typically collaborative in nature (Iivari & Linger 1999).
Focus is on the ways of handling knowledge (Davenport 2005, Pyöriä 2005).
Dynamic in nature. Knowledge processes and their connections are invisible. Contains often design activities and exploration (Staats et al. 2011). 3
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4. Continuum of Knowledge work
2.1. Office and knowledge
work definition
Continuum of Knowledge work
Systematic, repeatable                        Level of routines                                                Improvisational
Standards                                          Formal methods                                                                    Fluid
Low                              Personal expertise and personal judgement                                           High
Apply                                                      Use of knowledge                                                Create, Innovate
Helps to solve problem    Knowledge as output ingredient                                       Main ingredient
Facts, techniques                                     Type of knowledge                                                   Philosophies, visions
Low                                                         Complexity of task                                                                               High
Low                                   Role of collaboration/collaborative thinking                                                     High
Based on the research of University of Oulu, Finland. The Knowledge work continuum – with 8 dimensions, has be developed
On the left side is the Office Work and in the right side there is Knowledge work. Lets look at this more closely <proceed to next slide> 4
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5. 2.1. Office and knowledge work definition
Office work
Continuum of Knowledge work
Systematic, repeatable                        Level of routines                                                Improvisational
Standards                                          Formal methods                                                                    Fluid
Low                              Personal expertise and personal judgement                                           High
Apply                                                      Use of knowledge                                                Create, Innovate
Helps to solve problem     Knowledge as output ingredient                                       Main ingredient
Facts, techniques                                     Type of knowledge                                                   Philosophies, visions
Low                                                         Complexity of task                                                                               High
Low                                   Role of collaboration/collaborative thinking                                                        High
On the left side is the Office Work and in the right side there is Knowledge work.
The 8 dimensions are: Level of routines, Formal Methods, Personal expertise and personal judgement, Use of knowledge, Knowledge as output incredient, Type of Knowledge, Compexity of task, and Role of collaboration/collaborative thinking.
These 8 dimensions are aspects which the Knowledge Work can include, and as is the nature of the continuum, these dimensions are in different jobs in different weights. All these needs to be considered when lean thinking and tools are planned to be used. We see that further right the dimensions are weighted, the more challenge is to apply lean tools directly, but these needs to be adapted and contextually developed. 5
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6. Chapter 2.2 Wastes in office and knowledge work
Tablet course
„Innovative Learning Approaches for Implementation of Lean Thinking to Enhance Office and Knowledge Work Productivity”
ILA-LEAN Project No PL01-KA

7. 2.2. Wastes in office and knowledge work
WASTE IS HIDDEN
" Waste is hidden. Do not hide it. Make problems visible. – 7° Ohno's Precepts". 7
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8. 2.2. Wastes in office and knowledge work
15% increase in throughput
70% cut in materials handling
60% decrease in floor space
80% decrease in flow distance
68% reduction in rack storage
45% decrease in number of forklifts
12% decrease in engineering cycle time
50% decrease in annual physical inventory time
96% decrease in defects
VISUAL WORKPLACE: WHERE WASTE ARE UNHIDDEN 8
From: 5S Visual Workplace Handbook – PAC Production Automation Corporation –
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9. 2.2. Wastes in office and knowledge work
THE 7+1 WASTE 9
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10. 2.2. Wastes in office and knowledge work
Type of waste
Describtion
Overproduction
Producing items earlier or in greater quantities than needed by the customer. Producing earlier or more than is needed generates other wastes, such as overstaffing, storage, and transportation costs because of excess inventory. Inventory can be physical inventory or a queue of information.
7 wastes of production
Description
Overproduction
Producing items earlier or in greater quantities than needed by the customer. Producing earlier or more than is needed generates other wastes, such as overstaffing, storage, and transportation costs because of excess inventory. Inventory can be physical inventory or a queue of information.
Waiting
Workers merely serving as watch persons for an automated machine, or having to stand around waiting for the next processing step, tool, supply, part, etc., or just plain having no work because of no stock, lot processing delays, equipment downtime, and capacity bottlenecks.
Inventory (Work in process, WIP)
Excess raw material, WIP, or finished goods causing longer lead times, obsolescence, damaged goods, transportation and storage costs, and delay. Also, extra inventory hides problems such as production imbalances, late deliveries from suppliers, defects, equipment downtime, and long setup times.
Overprocesesing
Taking unneeded steps to process the parts. Inefficiently processing due to poor tool and product design, causing unnecessary motion and producing defects. Waste is generated when providing higher quality products than is necessary. At times extra “work” is done to fill excess time rather than spend it waiting.
Transportation
Moving work in process (WIP) from place to place in a process, even if it is only a short distance. Or having to move materials, parts, or finished goods into or out of storage or between processes.
Motion
Any motion employees have to perform during the course of their work other than adding value to the part, such as reaching for, looking for, or stacking parts, tools, etc. Also, walking is waste.
Defects
Production of defective parts or correction. Repairing of rework, scrap, replacement production, and inspection means wasteful handling, time, and effort.
Waste (Muda) 10
Plus 1 more
Underutilizing people
Losing time, ideas, skills, improvements, and learning opportunities by not engaging or listening to your employees.
ILA-LEAN Project No PL01-KA

11. ILA-LEAN Project No 2016-1-PL01-KA203-026293 - 2016-2018
References
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ILA-LEAN Project No PL01-KA