1. Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5
Chapter 7 Key Concepts
Copyright © Terry Felke-Morris

2. Learning Outcomes In this chapter, you will learn how to ...
Code relative hyperlinks to web pages in folders within a website
Configure a hyperlink to a named fragment internal to a web page
Configure images with CSS sprites
Configure a three-column page layout using CSS
Configure CSS for printing
Configure CSS for mobile display
Utilize CSS3 media queries to target mobile devices

3. More on Relative Linking
Relative links from the home page: index.html
<a href="contact.html">Contact</a>
<a href="products/collars.html">Collars</a>
<a href="../index.html">Home</a>
<a href="../services/bathing.html">Dog Bathing</a>

4. Opening a Link in a New Browser Window
The target attribute on the anchor element opens a link in a new browser window or new browser tab.
<a href=" target="_blank">Yahoo!</a>

5. HTML Linking to Fragment Identifiers
A link to a part of a web page
Also called named fragments, fragment ids
Two components:
The element that identifies the named fragment of a web page. This requires the id attribute.
<div id=“top”> ….. </div>
2. The anchor tag that links to the named fragment of a web page. This uses the href attribute <a href=“#top”>Back to Top</a>
Note the use of the # in the anchor tag!

6. HTML5 Block Anchor Configure block display elements within a hyperlink
<a href="
<h1>HTML5 Reference</h1>
<p>Bookmark this site for a handy HTML5 reference.</p>
</a>

7. Telephone & Text Message Hyperlinks
Telephone Scheme
<a href="tel: ">Call </a>
Many mobile browsers will initiate a phone call when the hyperlink is clicked.
SMS Scheme
<a href="sms: ">Text </a>
Many mobile browsers will initiate a text message to the phone number when the hyperlink is clicked.

8. CSS Sprites Sprite an image file that contains multiple small graphics
advantage: saves download time

9. Checkpoint
Describe a reason to organize the files in a website using folders and subfolders.
Which attribute configures a hyperlink to open the file in a new browser window or tab?
State an advantage of using CSS sprites in a website.

10. Three Column Page Layout
A common web page layout consists of a header across the top of the page with three columns below: navigation, content, and sidebar.

11. container sets default background color, text color, font typeface, and a minimum width
Left-column navigation
float: left; width:150px;
Right-column content
float: right; width: 200px;
Center column
Uses the remaining screen room available room after the floating columns display
margin: 0 210px 0 160px;
Footer – clears the float
clear: both;
Three Column Layout

12. CSS Styling for Print
Create an external style sheet with the configurations for browser display.
Create a second external style sheet with the configurations for printing.
Connect both of the external style sheets to the web page using two <link > elements.
<link rel="stylesheet" href="wildflower.css" type="text/css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="wildflowerprint.css" type="text/css" media="print">

13. Print Styling Best Practices
Hide non-essential content Example:
#nav { display: none; }
Configure font size and color for printing
Use pt font sizes, use dark text color
Control page breaks
Example: .newpage { page-break-before: always; }
Print URLs for hyperlinks Example:
#sidebar a:after { content: " (" attr(href) ") "; }

14. Mobile Web Design Best Practices
eMarketer.com predicts million mobile Internet users by (
Three Approaches to Mobile Web:
Develop a new mobile site with a .mobi TLD
Create a separate website hosted within your current domain targeted for mobile users
Use CSS to configure your current website for display on both mobile and desktop devices.

15. Mobile Web Limitations
Small Screen Size
Low bandwidth
Limited fonts
Limited color
Awkward controls
Lack of Flash support
Limited processor and memory
Cost per kilobyte

16. Design Techniques for Mobile Web
Single column design
Avoid floats, tables, frames
Descriptive page title
Descriptive heading tags
Optimize images
Descriptive alt text for images
Eliminate unneeded images
Navigation in lists
Em or percentage font size units
Common font typefaces
Good contrast between text and background colors
Provide “Skip to Content” hyperlink
Provide “Back to Top” hyperlink

17. Viewport Meta Tag
Default action for most mobile devices is to zoom out and scale the web page
Viewport Meta Tag
Created as an Apple extension to configure display on mobile devices
Configures width and initial scale of browser viewport
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">

18. CSS3 Media Queries Media Query
Determines the capability of the mobile device, such as screen resolution
Directs the browser to styles configured specifically for those capabilities
Example:
<link href="lighthousemobile.css" rel="stylesheet" media="only screen and (max-device-width: 480px)">

19. Checkpoint
Describe a design consideration when configuring a web page for mobile display.
True of False. The media="handheld" attribute reliably targets mobile devices.

20. Summary
This chapter introduced you to a variety of topics related to hyperlinks, page layout, and designing for the mobile web.