1. Classical Civilizations in CHina
Unit Period 2- AP World

2. The Shang Dynasty
A review

4. THE SHANG DYNASTY: 1766-1122 B.C.E.
Stretched from the north and southern region from the Huang He River valley
Lasted 700 years
Bronze metallurgy, monopolized by elite
Agricultural surpluses supported large troops
Vast network of walled towns
Constant struggle with nobles for power
The Shang capital moved six times
Lavish tombs of Shang kings
Contained chariots, weapons, bronze goods
Sacrificial human victims, dogs, horses

5. The Zhou “JOE” Dynasty

6. Zhou dynasty:1100-750 B.C.E. Zhou (Pronounced like “Joe”)
acquired most of the Shang culture
Last king was said to be a physical giant
was that he made drinking cups of the skulls of his vanquished enemies.
Slaves and Zhou vassals revolted against Shang cruelties. (1050 B.C.E)

7. Zhou dynasty: The Revolt
Revolt so fierce that the blood in the streets of the capital was deep enough to float blocks of wood

8. Political Organization
Adopted decentralized administration
Meaning what????
Used princes and relatives to rule regions
Consequences
Weak central government with ceremonial functions
Rise of regional powers; often called feudalism
Constant rivalry between warring families, nobles

9. MANDATE OF HEAVEN How it Worked Signs You Had “LOST” it
Zhou justified their overthrow of Shang
Ruler called "the son of heaven"
Only given to virtuous, strong rulers
Replacement of dynasties = Dynastic Cycle
Corruption, heavy taxes
Lazy officials and rulers
Revolts, invasions, civil wars, crime
Natural disasters
Society develops bad morals, habits

10. Zhou Economic Growth
Iron tools like axes and ox drawn iron plows replaced wooden farm tools.
Made farming better because farmers could produce more food.
First time coin money began to be used.
Made trade better because a merchant could carry money a lot easier then a herd of cows.

11. FAMILY ruled through family, kinship
Veneration of ancestors (respect for= MULAN)
Belief in ancestors' presence, continuing influence
Burial of material goods with the dead
Offering sacrifices at the graves
Eldest males presided over rites honoring ancestors
Only males could perform religious duties
Patriarchal society
During Neolithic times, Chinese society = matrilineal
Rise of states, war due to men's contribution
After Shang, not even queens merited temples

12. THE SOCIAL ORDER The Ruling Elites
Royal family and allied noble families at the top
Their lavish consumption of bronze products, silk
Most of the land owned by the king, nobles
Peasants, the majority of population
Called the “mean” people
Landless peasants provided labor
Lived in small subterranean houses
Wood, bone, stone tools before iron spread in the 6th century B.C.E.
Women’s World
Wine making, weaving, silkworm raising
Managing household, raising children
Elite women vs. poor women

13. OTHERS Suspicious towards Foreigners Specialized labor
Free artisans, craftsmen in great demand
Merchants, trade were important
Jade from Central Asia, tin from SE Asia
A few pieces of pottery from India
Merchants ranked socially lower (WHY???)
Slaves
Mostly war prisoners
Performed hard work
Became sacrificial victims
Suspicious towards Foreigners
Xenophobia

14. Chinese Religion
Rulers/Family Patriarchs consulted ancestors for guidance
Use of Oracle bones
Inscribed with a question
When Heated the bones would crack
Shamans would interpret communication through the patterns formed on the oracle bones

15. THE FALL OF THE ZHOU Iron metallurgy .
Iron weapons helped regional authorities to resist the central power
Qin mastered iron technology, weapons
Nomadic invasion sacked capital
Other Troubles
Territorial princes became more independent
Warring States ( B.C.E.)
Rise of Qin state
Last king abdicated his position in 256 B.C.E.

16. Warring States B.C.E

17. War becomes larger in scale and more ruthless
Chaos and War
War becomes larger in scale and more ruthless
Stronger states conquered and absorbed weaker ones
In response to crisis schools of thought were introduced
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism

18. The Qin Dynasty

19. Qin Dynasty: B.C. E.
Qin with legalism as its ideology succeeded in ending the Warring states era.
Qin defeated all it rivals to unite China
221B.C.E. King of Qin took the title of Qin Shi Huangdi or First Emperor

20. Qin Shi Huangdi Suppressing the resistance
Bitterly opposed, was opposed by Confucian scholars
Buried 460 scholars alive because of their criticism against the Qin
Burned all books except some with utilitarian value
Policies of centralization
Standardization of laws, currencies, weights, measures
Standardized scripts: tried to create uniform language
Creates a uniform writing system but not language

21. Tomb of the First Emperor
The tomb was an underground palace
Excavation of the tomb since 1974
Terracotta soldiers and army to protect tomb
The collapse of the Qin dynasty
Massive public works generated ill will among people
Waves of rebels overwhelmed the Qin court in 207 B.C.E.
A short-lived dynasty, left deep marks in Chinese history

22. Qin Economics Qin laid the basis for an enduring imperial order
Created unified Administrative system
Standardized
Weight & measures system
Cart axle width
Coinage
Writing

23. The Great Wall (Qin) Great wall of China
Protected north steppe boarder
Reportedly 1 million died
Bodies buried in the wall in the building of the wall

24. The Han Dynasty

26. Han Dynasty 202 B.C to 220 A.D Traded with Rome and Indian Empires
Excepted Confucianism and the Han Dynasty was less cruel.

27. THE EARLY HAN DYNASTY Han was long-lived dynasty Early Han policies
Sought middle way between Zhou and Qin
Royal relatives were not reliable, returned to centralized rule
Martial Emperor ( B.C.E.)
Han Wudi ruled for 54 years
Pursued centralization and expansion

28. HAN Centralization Adopted Legalist policies
Built an enormous bureaucracy to rule the empire
Continued to build roads and canals
Established Confucian educational system for training bureaucrats
Confucianism as the basis of the curriculum in imperial university
Thirty thousand students enrolled in the university in Later Han
Han imperial expansion
Invaded and colonized northern Vietnam and Korea
Extended China into central Asia

29. HAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE Large, multigenerational compound families
Women's subordination (Ban Zhao Admonitions for Women)
Differences apparent between noble, lower class women
Scholar Gentry
Confucian bureaucrats intermarried with landed elite
New class comes to dominate local, national offices
Strongest in late Han
Merchants held in low social esteem

30. TRADE AND COMMERCE
Iron metallurgy: Farming tools, utensils, and weapons
State monopolies on liquor, salt and iron
Silk textiles: High quality Chinese silk became a prized commodity
Traded as far a field as India, Persia, Mesopotamia, and Rome
Paper production: Began to replace silk and bamboo as writing materials
Population growth: Increased from twenty to sixty million from 220 B.C.E. to 9 C.E. (LOTS OF HAPPY PEOPLE + FOOD)
Silk Road established: horses for silk

31. History records begin to be kept.
Han, Sciences
History records begin to be kept.
History of the elite.
Math, Science, Geography, and Astronomy.
Sternpost Ruder
Magnetic Compass.
Paper from wood pulp.
5th century wood block printing.

32. Han, Medicine MEDICINE ART Acupuncture
Figured out the function of internal organs
Figured out the circulation of blood
Metallic and Ceramic luxury items
Silk manufacturing
Bronze, jade, cermaics used for art
Poetry.
Landscape art
Instrumental music.

33. Developed trade contacts with India and further
Han, Foreign Affairs
Developed trade contacts with India and further
trade commission sent to Rome but had no interest in Rome so they turned around
Diffusion of Buddhism

34. Han Problems= lost of mandate & collapse
Peasant Rebellions
Disloyal Bureaucracy
Over-taxation
Warlords gained more power