1. Comparison of Methods used for DNA Quantification
Method Ease Cost Sensitivity Result
UV Spectrophotometry Total DNA
Yield Gel electrophoresis Int vs deg DNA
Slot Blot Human DNA
Yield Gel blot Int. vs. deg human DNA Pico-green microtitre plate Total DNA
Alu Quant Human DNA
Real time PCR assays Human DNA
Real time PCR assays Int.vs. deg.Human DNA

2. Summary 1 (from last week)
Why study DNA
Law enforcement, evolution, agricultural, and human applications-medical diagnostics
DNA Biology and Genetics
DNA is contained in cells –the basic unit of life
Found in nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts
Organized in chromosomes. Located at positions called loci and come in different forms or alleles.
Homozygous if the same, heterozygous if different
Alleles segregate independently and assort randomly when on different chromosomes. Random assortment is desired for forensic DNA loci.
DNA Function and Structure
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid : blueprints of life
Replication, Information storage and mutation RIM
Central Dogma
DNA >RNA------>protein
transcription translation

3. Summary 2 DNA Structure and Function continued: DNA Replication
Bases are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine- Asian Guys Can Teach: AGCT
Base pairing is A to T and G to C- DNA is where its AT
Sequence of Bases Store information- Like the sequence of numbers in a Phone Number
Sides of the ladder are Sugar-Phosphate backbones
Nucleotides are the building blocks (dNTPs) themselves made of phosphate base and sugar= PBS- The only station Sierra and Gabriel can watch
DNA base pairs- DNA velcro (David Letterman
DNA Replication
Semi-conservative- Half republican (old) /half democrat (new)
Template directed with base pairing (AT, GC)
5 required ingredients of PCR - primer, template, Mg, dntps, DNA polymerase (PTMDD)

4. Summary 3
Steps in forensic DNA typing are – Evaluation, Extraction, Quantification, Typing and Interpretation
1) Evaluation- Is it there? Screen- blood? Semen? Saliva, human?
2) Extraction- Get and clean DNA
Open cells -Get DNA
Organic, Chelex and FTA extractions
Quantify- Determine quality and quantity?
How good and how much did you get?
Yield Gels, Slot Blots, Real time PCR assays

5. Case #2: Can you extract and type DNA from fingerprint powder that has been used to develop latent prints? If so, design an experiment with + and – controls to support your hypothesis.