1. Most Likely Next Friday
Fully discuss the effects of American westward expansion on the Native Americans of the Great Plains.
2-3 pages probably – you only have 40 minutes
Emphasis is on FLOW and connecting ideas
Obviously tenses, grammar, etc. also matter

2. What Do You Think the HW is?
Create an outline for a shorter essay that addresses the topic
Pay special attention to real transitions
How do my ideas relate to one another?
Connect through idea relationships, not through random use of “transitional words”

3. A Collision of Interests
Native Americans and Western Settlement in the late 19th Century

4. The Basic Issue
Plains Indians need wide open spaces for the grazing buffalo
Farmers enclose space and plow it
Mining towns use space
Railroads use space

5. Beginnings of the Conflict
Miners push west in the 1840’s
U.S. Government builds forts
Fort Laramie Treaty (Wyoming) –
Indians get money, animals, agricultural tools, and goods.
Indians stay in limited area
Treaty broken due to Pike’s Peak gold rush

6. One Thought Process Native Americans are “savage” and “uncivilized”
This is because of some racial inferiority
So they need to be exterminated

7. Chivington Massacre (1864)
Example of the worst kind of behavior by U.S. Army
Chivington example of the “only good Indian is a dead Indian” approach
Racist premises behind this idea
Not everyone shares this idea

8. Another Thought Process
Native Americans are “savage” and “uncivilized”
But they can be “fixed” or ASSIMILATED into American culture

9. 1867 – The Other Approach
Peace commission established to end the wars on the Plains
Urging Native Americans to live as farmers
Encourage them to send children to white schools
“Americanization” vs. extermination

10. Reservations
Areas set aside for Native Americans and administered by the federal government
Original “Indian Territory” was Oklahoma
More reservations in South Dakota

11. Reservations?

12. Reservations

13. Buffalo not Roaming Disease, drought, and destruction of grazing areas
Buffalo robes in demand back in the 1830’s/1840’s
Railroads sponsored “sport” shooting
Overhunting by Native Americans

14. The Choice Resistance… Or assimilation
Assimilation – blending into another culture

15. Outward Changes

16. Other Changes
Language
Belief
Lifestyle

17. If Someone Is Settled in One Spot They Can…
Go to school
Go to church
Participate daily in the life of a community
Be located easily
Be regulated easily

18. The Dawes Act of 1887

19. Reasons for the Failure of the Dawes Act
They aren’t farmers
They don’t want to be farmers
The land isn’t the greatest
They get cheated out of most of it (or someone sells it)
Supplies are lacking

20. Resistance From the Res
South Dakota (Pine Ridge Reservation) 1889
“Ghost Dance” invented
Interpreted as resistance
Sitting Bull blamed and killed
Lakota Sioux leave
Soldiers pursue

21. Wounded Knee Massacre

22. Wounded Knee Massacre