1. Chapter 10: Contributions of Muslims to World Civilization
Called: “ The Golden Age of Islam”
Notes - Copy the BLUE words

2. Over many connecting trade routes, goods and ideas moved from Asia through Muslim lands, where they were adapted. They then spread as far as North Africa and Europe.

3. Flowering of Islamic Civilization
Cordoba, Baghdad, and Cairo were all centers for Muslim learning.
Muslims learned from other cultures and helped spread ideas that they have learned
Muslims learned paper making from Chinese
Produced new scientific, medical, and philosophical texts based on Greek works

4. In the 14th century, Muslim rulers built the magnificent palace complex called the Alhambra in Granada, Spain.

5. With its ornate arches and other rich details, the Alhambra is considered to be one of the best examples of medieval Muslim architecture in the world.

6. City Building and Architecture
Baghdad-capital, had shops, markets,bridges, palaces, gardens…crossroads of trade routes
Took 100,000 architects, workers, and craftspeople 4 years to build
In the center was caliph’s palace and the grand mosque
Around this was offices and houses of court officials and army officers
A double wall with 4 heavily guarded gates surrounded the city
Mosque, Muslim house of worship, had minaret (tower) with a small balcony, where muezzin chanted the call for prayer.
Inside, a pray room, the imam, prayer leader gave sermons from a raised pulpit called minbar,
Mihrab indicated the direction of Makkah which was next to the minbar

7. The minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra has a spiral design
The minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra has a spiral design. Muezzins climb spiral steps around the outside of the tower to the balcony at the top.

8. Scholarship and Learning
In 8th century Arabic became the language of scholarship and science throughout Muslim lands
Muhammad said “The ink of scholars is more precious than the blood of martyrs.”
Muslim rulers built schools, colleges, libraries…
Baghdad in 830, House of Wisdom was built for Scholars from many lands would research/share ideas and translate texts
Cairo 10th century, built Hall of Wisdom
Cordoba built a huge library (400,000 books)

9. Students in Muslim schools discussed and debated philosophical ideas with their teachers.

10. Science and Technology
Zoology-Muslim scholars wrote books on description of the structure of animals’ bodies
How to make medicines from animals
Al-Jahiz presented theories on evolution
Astronomy-used compasses and astrolabes to locate direction of Makkah
Astrolabe is an instrument used to observe & measure position of the sun and other heavenly bodies
Built irrigation systems, dams, aqueducts, canals, underground wells…

11. The town of Hama, Syria, has 17 wooden waterwheels from medieval times
The town of Hama, Syria, has 17 wooden waterwheels from medieval times. These waterwheels scoop water from the Orontes River into aqueducts, bringing it to homes and farms.

12. Geography and Navigation
Muslims created extremely accurate maps
Calculated Earths circumference within nine miles of accuracy
Produced world atlas
The Book of Roads and Provinces
The Book of Countries
From these books travelers could get information on physical features and water resources

13. The astrolabe was a navigational tool widely used in the Islamic world and in Europe.

14. Mathematics Translated works of Euclid
Al-Khwarizmi known as “father of algebra”
Worked in 9th century at House of Wisdom
His book became the most important mathematics text
Helped popularize Arabic numerals
Spread the concept of zero.

15. The geometric designs in Muslim art and architecture are based on knowledge about advanced mathematical principles.

16. Medicine Established 1st hospitals, doctors would train in them
Government paid all medical expenses
Hospitals had different wards (Isolation) men and women, surgical, and people with diseases
Doctors used treated sickness through drugs, diet, and exercise
Remedies made from herbs, plants, animals, minerals
Pharmacists made medications for pain, ointments, antiseptics

17. Muslim doctors treated patients with herbal remedies, as well as drugs, diet, and exercise.

18. Bookmaking and Literature
Bookmaking became an art form for Muslims
Baghdad had over 100 bookshops
A Thousand and One Nights AKA Arabian Nights
Gathered stories from India, Persia, Middle East, China Egypt…Aladdin, Ali Baba, Sinbad the Sailor..
Muslim Literature was enriched by Islamic mysticism, which is a form of religious belief and practice involving sudden insight and intense experiences of God.

19. As in medieval Europe, bookmaking was an art in the Muslim world.

20. Art and Music
Geometric & Floral Design-Muslims didn’t use images of humans or animals in their art
Used shapes, patterns, and geometry to create designs
Arabesque a type of design that used stems, leaves, flowers, and tendrils into elegant patterns repeated over and over
Calligraphy-art of beautiful hand writing…found in the Qur’an, poetry, tiles swords, coins
Textiles- are woven cloths or textiles…used vibrant colors, silk
Clothes showed rank & status symbols
Music in Muslim Spain was a unique style that blended elements of Arab and Spanish cultures
Ziryab, famous singer and musician, established the first Conservatory, school of music
Playing instruments and Singing was an essential part of their culture

21. Muslims created many forms of art and music.

22. Recreation
Polo-learned from Persians, this is games played by teams on horseback use mallets to strike a ball through a goal…horses were a symbol of status
Became popular among the wealthy
Chess-introduced from Persians in 600s
A battle of wits where each players move pieces on a board according to complex rules
Popular at all levels of society (Kinds and Common People) spread around the world

23. Muslims adapted and improved the game of chess.

24. Recreation spread it across Muslim lands