1. Introduction to Internet Network Management
Jaringan Telekomunikasi, Sukiswo ST, MT
Introduction to Internet Network Management
Sukiswo
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT

2. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
Table of Contents
Background
Origins of Internet
Origins of Internet Network Management
Evolution of SNMP
SNMP Standards and RFCs
SNMP Basic Concepts
Network Management Architecture
SNMP Protocol Architecture
Proxies
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

3. Internet Network Management
Also referred to as SNMP-based Network Management
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is often referred to as the Internet Network Management Framework which includes
management architecture
structure of management information
management protocol
plus related concepts...
Most widely used in computer communication networks
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is responsible for SNMP standardization
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

4. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
Origins of Internet
ARPANET (formed by US DoD, 1969) connecting four geographically separated computers in US
23 computers in ARPANET (1971)
Computers in UK and Norway were connected (1973)
TCP/IP protocol suite as ARPANET’s standard protocol (late 70’s)
TCP/IP as NFSNET’s standard protocol (1984)
Continued growth throughout the 80’s and 90’s
currently more than 40,000,000 nodes on the Internet
Need for the management of rapidly growing Internet!
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

5. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
Origins of Internet NM
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
until late 70’s, e.g., Ping utility
Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol (SGMP)
High-level Entity Management System (HEMS)
generalized version of Host Monitoring Protocol (HMP)
SNMP
enhanced version of SGMP
an interim solution
CMIP over TCP/IP (CMOT)
long-term solution
did not go very far
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

6. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
Evolution of SNMP
SNMPv1
draft came out in 1988 and became full Internet standard in 1990
most workstations, bridges, routers, switches and hubs are now equipped with SNMP agent
many resource MIBs (including systems & applications) have been defined
RMON (1995)
Remote Monitoring, extends the SNMPv1 MIB and functions
SNMPv2
attempted to improve the deficiencies of SNMPv1
Full Internet Standard
SNMPv3
internet drafts came out in Feb. 1998, adding security features
now a full Internet Standard
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

7. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
IETF Standardization Process (RFC2026)
IETF forms a working group (WG) for a specific task
WG generates one or more internet drafts (ID)
ID document can follow one of three tracks
(1) standards track, (2) informational, (3) experimental
Internet documents are published as RFCs
Internet Proposed Standard
Internet Draft Standard
Internet Full Standard
Other status:
Obsolete: a document that is replaced by an updated version
Historic: a document that is retired
The latest status on IETF NM RFCs can be found from
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

8. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
SNMP Protocol RFCs
Description
Published
RFC
Status
SNMPv1 Protocol
Aug. 1988
1067
Obsoleted by 1098
SNMPv1 Protocol (republished)
Apr. 1989
1098
Obsoleted by 1157
SNMPv1 Protocol (republished)
May 1990
1157
Historic
Secure SNMP Protocol
July 1992
1352
Historic
SNMPv2 Protocol Operations
May 1993
1448
Obsoleted by 1905
SNMPv2 Transport Mappings
May 1993
1449
Obsoleted by 1906
SNMPv2 Protocol Operations
Jan. 1996
1905
Draft Standard
(updated)
SNMPv2 Transport Mappings
Jan. 1996
1906
Draft Standard
(updated)
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

9. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
SNMPv1 Standards
Description
Published
RFC
Status
Structure of Identification
of Management
May 1990
1155
Full Standard
Information for TCP/IP-
based Internets (SMI)
Concise MIB Definitions
Mar. 1991
1212
Full Standard
Management Information
Base for Network
Mar. 1991
1213
Full Standard
Management of TCP/IP-
based Internet: MIB-II
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

10. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
SNMP Full Standards
RFC
Title
  3418 
  Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  3417 
  Transport Mappings for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  3416 
  Version 2 of the Protocol Operations for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  3415 
  View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  3414 
  User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)
  3413 
  Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Applications
  3412 
  Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
  3411 
  An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks
  2819 
  Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base
  2580 
  Conformance Statements for SMIv2
  2579 
  Textual Conventions for SMIv2
  2578 
  Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)
  1643 
  Definitions of Managed Objects for the Ethernet-like Interface Types
  1213 
  Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets:MIB-II
  1212 
  Concise MIB definitions
  1155 
  Structure and identification of management information for TCP/IP-based internets
  1065 
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

11. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
SNMP NM Architecture
The manager resides in Network Management Station (NMS) while the agent resides in the managed Network Node
The manager requests the agent to perform Set and Get operations on the variables in the Management information Base (MIB)
By means of traps the agent occasionally notifies the manager about some events related to network operation
NMS
MIB
Specification
Manager
SNMP
SNMP
Agent
MIB
Agent
MIB
Networked Node
Networked Node
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 2

12. SNMP Protocol Architecture
Internetwork
Manager process
SNMP
UDP IP
Network-dependent
protocols
Agent process
Network-dependent protocols
User processes
FTP, etc
TCP
Central
MIB
Network
Admin
Host
Router
NMS
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 2

13. The Role of SNMP SNMP NMS SNMP agent Management resources
Management application
SNMP managed objects
Application
manages objects
GetNextRequest
GetNextRequest
GetRequest
SetRequest
GetResponse
GetRequest
SetRequest
GetResponse
Trap
Trap
SNMP manager
SNMP agent
SNMP messages
UDP
UDP IP IP
Network-dependent protocols
Network-dependent protocols
network or
internet
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 2

14. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
SNMP Proxy Agent
Proxy agent
Management station
Mapping function
Proxied device
Management
process
Manager process
Agent process
SNMP
SNMP
Protocol
architecture used
by proxied device
Protocol
architecture used
by proxied device
UDP
UDP IP IP
Network-dependent
protocols
Network-dependent
protocols
Network-dependent
protocols
Network-dependent
protocols
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 2

15. Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT
Reading and Browsing
Read Chapter 4 of the Textbook
Visit and browse
IETF Web site:
U. of Twente NM Web site:
wwwsnmp.cs.utwente.nl/ietf/rfcs/rfcbystatus.html
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3

16. What will be covered next...
Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1)
Basic Encoding Rules (BER)
Structure of Management Information
MIB Definitions
Standard SNMP MIBs
SNMP Operations
Developing MIBs
etc.
Manajemen Jaringan, Sukiswo ST, MT 3