1. Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, & Antarctica

2. Australia
Only continent that is also a country

3. Great Barrier Reef
One of the world’s natural wonders, located on Australia’s Northeastern coast
Made of coral, which is the limestone skeletons of sea animals
World’s largest coral reef

4. Creatures of the Great Barrier Reef
Great White Shark
Man of War Jellyfish

5. Australian Outback Very dry and ARID Area where few people live
Ayer’s Rock – Popular tourist site in the outback

6. Climate

7. Native People The Aborigines
Migrated from Asia at least 40,000 years ago
Nomadic people, never established permanent settlements
Hunted with boomerangs

8. Australia Settled & colonized by the British
Was set up as a colony for convicts (Penal Colony)

9. Environment Europeans introduced to Australia:
Camels
Rabbits
Sheep
Sugarcane
Native Animals to Australia:
Kangaroos
Koalas
Wallabies

10. New Zealand North Island & South Island
Very diverse landmass: plains, lakes, mountains, plateaus, volcanoes

11. Settled & colonized by the British
Large producer of wool & other sheep related products

12. Climate
With the exception of its mountain areas, New Zealand has only one climate region, Marine West Coast
Rain falls throughout the year
Temperatures are mild

13. Native People
The Maori
Came from Polynesia to settle New Zealand

14. Oceania 3 Categories: Made up more than 20,000 islands Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia

15. Oceania Melanesia  north of Australia
“black islands” 2,000 / 9.9 million

16. Micronesia  north of Melanesia & south of Japan; “tiny islands”
2,000 / 534,000

17. Polynesia  covers the area from Midway Island in the north to New Zealand in the south; “many islands”
1,000 / 693,000

18. Island Origins:
Most islands formed by volcanic activity from the “Ring of Fire”

20. Atoll

22. Atoll Ring shaped reef, island, or chain of islands formed by coral
Land/coral partially or completely surrounds a lagoon
Deposits build up around volcanic island
Island erodes in the surf or sinks into the sea
Leaves behind just the coral formation/atoll

23. High Islands – created by volcanoes
Low Islands – made of coral reefs

25. Transportation
In Oceania the main form of transport is by boat (plane now as well)
Outrigger canoes
Sailboats
Motor-powered boats

26. Outrigger – the traditional transportation
Outriggers – having a second or third hull made the boat MUCH more
stable.
Why would stability be a
concern?

27. For longer distances sea planes are used because no airport is needed to land

28. Population Growth:
Settled and explored by Christian missionaries
Later used by Europeans for colonies

29. Antarctica Twice the size of Australia
An ice covered plateau with ice up to 2 miles thick in places, & ice covers 95% of the continent

30. The Antarctic Treaty of 1961 divided the continent up between a number of nations.
These nations use their designated areas on the continent mainly to conduct scientific research.
Nations pledged to keep Antarctica clean and free of pollution.

31. Climate The highest & driest of the continents
Temperatures drop as low as -100° F
On the Antarctic Peninsula with its tundra climate, summer temps can reach 60° F.
Vegetation & animal life flourish here  dominated by lichens (likens), a type of algae and a variety of animal species