1. Chapter 46 Cardiovascular Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

2. Objectives
Describe the cardiovascular monitoring techniques used in the care of critically ill patients and how to interpret the results of hemodynamic monitoring.

3. Cardiac and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Arterial blood pressure
Invasive or noninvasive
Central venous pressure (CVP)
Pulmonary arterial catheter: high risk-to-return ratio, so only used on most complicated patients
Allows monitoring of
Cardiac output/cardiac index
Pulmonary arterial pressure
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Pulmonary vascular resistance
Systemic vascular resistance

4. Hemodynamic Monitoring
Complete hemodynamic profile from PA catheter eases determination of cause for altered hemodynamic status.
Table 46-4 shows expected changes in hemodynamic values associated with clinical presentation of cardiac or cardiovascular dysfunction.