1. Terahertz sensors, machine learning, and concealed weapon detection
Keegan McBride - 27 September 2016

2. Introduction Public spaces are not secure and violence is increasing
IoT technology can be used to help prevent violence in public spaces
Technology is currently available, but it is not being used to full potential

3. Problem
Increasing anxiety over shooters, but conventional solutions ineffective and burdensome.
Current solutions:
Do not secure all entrances
Heavy personnel costs
Anxiety for parents and students
Does not detect from a distance

4. Problem

5. The Solution Concealed weapons detection Pattern recognition algorithm
Instant alert system
The Solution

6. Solution - Architecture

10. Solution - Terahertz Sensors
Low health risk
Currently usable to a range of up to 20 meters
Lots of literature on THz and Concealed Weapon Detection
Government funded research
Already in use by New York Police Department - Protested against by ACLU

11. Solution - Pattern Recognition and Classification
Different algorithms may be used
Accuracy of algorithm is dependent on image and situation
Training of machine takes time
Cloud issues three responses: Green light, yellow light, red light.

14. Solution - Cloud Computing
Image fed from THz sensor to AWS Cloud stack
Cloud handles the large amount of processing which is required
Cheaper than maintaining own infrastructure
Secure
Machine learning pattern recognition and classification algorithm runs in cloud
Alert system is run in cloud

15. Sources
Ramırez, Mabel D., et al. "Unsupervised image segmentation for passive THz broadband images for concealed weapon detection." Proc. of SPIE Vol. Vol
Shen, Xilin, et al. "Detection and segmentation of concealed objects in terahertz images." IEEE transactions on Image Processing (2008):
Chen, Hua-Mei, et al. "Imaging for concealed weapon detection: a tutorial overview of development in imaging sensors and processing." IEEE signal processing Magazine (2005):
Dickinson, Jason C., et al. "Terahertz imaging of subjects with concealed weapons." Proc. SPIE. Vol
Kowalski, Marcin, et al. "Multispectral concealed weapon detection in visible, infrared, and terahertz." SPIE Sensing Technology+ Applications. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014.