1. Chapter 8 – Aircraft in Motion

2. Questions / Comments

3. THIS DAY IN AVIATION December 8
1938 — Germany officially launches its first aircraft carrier, the Graf Zeppelin.
It was the only aircraft carrier launched by Germany during World War II and represented part of the Kriegsmarine's attempt to create a well- balanced ocean going fleet, capable of projecting German naval power far beyond the narrow confines of the Baltic and North Seas.
Construction was ordered on 16 November 1935 and her keel was laid down on 28 December by Deutsche Werke at Kiel.
Named in honor of Graf (Count) Ferdinand von Zeppelin, the ship was launched on 8 December 1938 but was not completed and was never operational.

4. THIS DAY IN AVIATION December 8
1940 — New York City experiences its first blackout and anti-aircraft exercise, around the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

5. THIS DAY IN AVIATION December 8
1964 — A United Air Lines “Caravelle” makes the first landing in the United States completely controlled by a computer (automatic touchdown).

6. Questions / Comments

7. December 2016 27 28 Chapter 9 Navigation 29 30 Review Chapter 9 Test 1
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY 27 28
Chapter 9
Navigation 29 30
Review
Chapter 9 Test 1
GEO CACHE Navigation 2 3 4 5
Chapter 6
Advances in Aeronautics 6 7
Chapter 6 Test 8
Chapter 8
Flight Line
Friday
Thursday Edition 9
Patriots Point
Field Trip 10 11 12
Chapter 17
Aviation Careers 13 14 15
Savannah Tech Field Trip 16
Chapter 21
Rocket Fundamentals 17 18 19 20
Chapter 21 Test 21
Rocket Launch 22
½ Day
VACATION BEGINS 23
HOLIDAY 24

8. Questions / Comments

9. Chapter 8 – Aircraft in Motion

10. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the two basic types of engines
Describe the different types of turbine engines
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

11. Aircraft
Engine

12. Aircraft Structures and Components
Engines
Two types
Reciprocating
Turbine

13. Aircraft Structures and Components
Reciprocating -internal combustion engine
Principle of Operation
Cylinder is where fuel is converted into energy
Intake Stroke - SUCK
Cycle begins with piston at top center of the cylinder
Compression Stroke - SQUEEZE
As crankshaft drives the piston upward in the cylinder, the fuel and air mixture is compressed

14. Aircraft Structures and Components
Principle of Operation
Ignition / Power Stroke - BANG
As the compression stroke is completed and just before the piston reaches its top position, the compressed mixture is ignited by the spark plug

15. Aircraft Structures and Components
Principle of Operation
Exhaust Stroke - BLOW
On the second upward stroke, the exhaust valve is opened and the piston forces the burned gases out

16. Aircraft Structures and Components
Principle of Operation
Propeller is the action end of an aircraft’s reciprocating engine
It converts the useful energy into thrust as it spins around and around.
SUCK, SQUEEZE, BANG, BLOW

17. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Four Basic Types
Turbojet
Turbofan
Turboprop
Propfan

18. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Principle of Operation
Take small amount of air in at intake and accelerate it to extremely high velocities through the exhaust nozzle

19. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Turbojet
Uses fan-like compressor blades to bring air into engine and compresses it
Rotor blades bring in the air and push it backward
Hot gases strike the blades and cause it to spin rapidly
Spinning turbine is what causes the compressor sections to turn

20. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Turbofan
Principle of Operation
One or more rows of compressor blades extend beyond normal compressor blades
Much more air is pulled in than in a turbojet
Much quieter and more fuel-efficient

21. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Turboprop
Principle of Operation
Combines the best of turbojet and propeller aircraft
Turboprop uses a gas turbine to turn a propeller.
The gas turbine turns a propeller with twice the power of a reciprocating engine

22. Aircraft Instruments

23. Aircraft Instruments Engine Instruments Tachometer
Measures speed (how fast crankshaft is turning)
Oil Pressure & Temp Gauge
Pressure / temp of oil

24. Aircraft Instruments Flight Instruments Airspeed Indicator
Speed thru air – (pitot tube)
Aircraft Altimeter
Read in ft of altitude and calibrated to atmospheric pressure (SL – 29.92mb)
Turn-and-Slip
Needle indicates direction and rate of turn
Ball in glass – quality of turn

25. Aircraft Instruments Flight Instruments
Vertical Velocity (vertical speed indicator / Rate-of- climb indicator)
Rate climbing or descending
Attitude Indicator
Provides artificial horizon

26. Questions / Comments

27. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the two basic types of engines
Describe the different types of turbine engines
Functions of the fuel systems
Describe typical functions of hydraulic systems.
Describe typical functions of electrical systems.
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

28. Aircraft Structures and Components
Engines
Two types
Reciprocating
Turbine

29. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the two basic types of engines
Describe the different types of turbine engines
Functions of the fuel systems
Describe typical functions of hydraulic systems.
Describe typical functions of electrical systems.
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

30. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Four Basic Types
Turbojet
Turbofan
Turboprop
Propfan
Principle of Operation
Take small amount of air in at intake and accelerate it to extremely high velocities through the exhaust nozzle

31. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the two basic types of engines
Describe the different types of turbine engines
Functions of the fuel systems
Describe typical functions of hydraulic systems.
Describe typical functions of electrical systems.
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

32. Systems Fuel Systems Everything that involves delivery of fuel
Fuel Tanks
Gravity Feed
Uses gravity to cause fuel to flow downward
Force Feed
Uses a fuel pump to drive fuel from tanks to engine
Fuel Lines – lines that distribute fuel from tanks

33. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the two basic types of engines
Describe the different types of turbine engines
Functions of the fuel systems
Describe typical functions of hydraulic systems.
Describe typical functions of electrical systems.
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

34. Systems
Hydraulic
Uses fluid pressure to operate brakes, flight controls, and landing gear
Electrical
Generator attached to engine provides electricity to charge battery, start engine, operate radios, and navigation and landing lights

35. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the two basic types of engines
Describe the different types of turbine engines
Functions of the fuel systems
Describe typical functions of hydraulic systems.
Describe typical functions of electrical systems.
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

36. Systems
Hydraulic
Uses fluid pressure to operate brakes, flight controls, and landing gear
Electrical
Generator attached to engine provides electricity to charge battery, start engine, operate radios, and navigation and landing lights

37. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify the purpose of the flaps, slats, and spoilers.
Identify the types of Fuselage classification.
Describe the three types of landing gear arrangements.
Functions of the fuel systems
Describe typical functions of hydraulic systems.
Describe typical functions of electrical systems.
Describe functions of typical aircraft instruments.
EQ:
Describe an aircraft in motion and how the axes of rotation, flight controls, flight instruments and engines contribute to understanding flight.

38. Aircraft Instruments

39. Questions / Comments

40. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1
2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.
3. List 3 things you learned today.
1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson.

41. Questions / Comments

42. SAFETY FIRST.
SAFETY ALWAYS.

43. Safety Rules – Safety Monitor Brief
Must Use Safety Glasses
Use of Cutting tools is Dangerous – AT ALL TIMES – knives only out when cutting
Must Use Cutting Mats
All Areas will remain clean and organized
Plane Captains will insure All Areas will be cleaned and all items put back in proper locations 10 minutes prior to class ending
Class safety monitor will insure areas are clean and safe at all times

44. SAFETY FIRST.
SAFETY ALWAYS.

45. Questions / Comments

46. May 2013 1 2 3 4 5 6 Chapter 8 7 8 Patriot’s Point Field Trip 9 10
SUNDAY
MONDAY
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
SATURDAY 1 2 3 4 5 6
Chapter 8 7 8
Patriot’s Point
Field Trip 9 10
Chapter 8 QUIZ
Flightline Friday 11 12 13 14
Chapter 9 15 16 17 18 19 20
Chapter 9 QUIZ
Chapter 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Chapter 17 29 30 31

47. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Propfan
Principle of Operation
Thruster is like a ship’s screw vice a propeller
Propfan combines air- moving efficiency of the turbofan with thrusting efficiency of the propeller

48. Aircraft Turbine Engines
Ramjet and Scramjet Engines
Principle of Operation
Simplest form has no moving parts
The force of inertia rams air into a streamlined chamber of a fast-flying ramjet

52. Systems Fuel Systems Everything that involves delivery of fuel
Fuel Tanks
Gravity Feed
Uses gravity to cause fuel to flow downward
Force Feed
Uses a fuel pump to drive fuel from tanks to engine
Fuel Lines – lines that distribute fuel from tanks

54. Systems
Hydraulic
Uses fluid pressure to operate brakes, flight controls, and landing gear
Electrical
Generator attached to engine provides electricity to charge battery, start engine, operate radios, and navigation and landing lights

55. Aircraft Instruments Navigation Instruments Compass Heading Indicator
GPS
Moving Map