1. Computer Engineering 1nd Semester
Dr. Rabie A. Ramadan 2

2. Basics of C++ Environment
Loader
Primary
Memory
Program is created in
the editor and stored
on disk.
Preprocessor program
processes the code.
Loader puts program
in memory.
CPU takes each
instruction and
executes it, possibly
storing new data
values as the program
executes.
Compiler
Compiler creates
object code and stores
it on disk.
Linker links the object
code with the libraries,
creates a.out and
stores it on disk
Editor
Preprocessor
Linker
CPU .
Disk
Phases of C++ Programs
Edit
Preprocess
Compile
Link
Load
Execute

3. Programming environment
MSVC (windows)
GCC (Linux, Unix)
Many other compilers are available:
Ex.
Borland c++
Eclips
What is IDE
integrated development environment : is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development

4. Using MSVC

17. Linux & Unix gcc command , and g ++ is the C++ compiler,
while cc and CC are the Sun C and C++
It works on both Linux & Unix
GCC step by step
1. Write your program on one of the text editors example ( vi or emacs )
2. Save your file as name.cpp where name is the name of your file
3. Use one of the following ways to compile your program.

18. g++ -c hello.cpp // compile g++ hello.o -o hello // build
Compile then Build
g++ -c hello.cpp // compile
g++ hello.o -o hello // build

19. The simple way The standard way to compile this program is
with the command
g++ hello.cpp -o hello
This command compiles hello.cpp into an executable program named "hello" that you run by typing 'hello' at the command line.
It does nothing more than print the word "hello" on the screen

20. Compiling a program with multiple source files
If the source code is in several files, say
"file1.cpp" and "file2.", then they can be compiled into an executable program named "myprog" using the following command:
g++ file1.C file2.C -o myprog

21. Compile then Build multiple files
g++ -c file1.cpp
g++ -c file2.cpp
g++ file1.o file2.o -o myprog

22. Basics of a Typical C++ Environment
Input/output
cin
Standard input stream
Normally keyboard
cout
Standard output stream
Normally computer screen
cerr
Standard error stream
Display error messages

23. Ways to format the program

24. Ways to format the program

25. Variables and Data Types
A place in Memory
To hold an information that a user use.
Deceleration
SpaceOccupied VariableName;

26. C++’ Names The name of a variable:
Starts with an underscore “_” or a letter, lowercase or uppercase, e.g. _Students, pRice
Can include letters, underscore, or digits. Examples are: keyboard, total_grade, _Score_Side1
Cannot include special characters such as !, %, ], or $
Cannot include an empty space
Cannot be any of the reserved words
Should not be longer than 32 characters (although allowed)

27. Reserved Words

28. Variables and Their Data Types
The amount of memory space necessary to store a variable is also referred to as a data type.

30. Variables and Their Data Types
char bits
short int
A group of 16 contiguous bits or 2 bytes, is used to represent a natural number.
ranges from –32768 to

31. Example

32. Practice -- what is the o/p

33. Practice -- what is the o/p

34. O/P

35. Representing a Double-Word
Double-word combines 4 bytes, or 8 nibbles, or 32 bits. The bits, counted from right to left, start at 0 and end at 31.

36. What are constants?
const PI = 3.14;
#define PI 3.14