1. Major Point
There are compelling reasons to believe that most, but not all, individual differences in personality can be boiled down to differences on 5 basic personality traits

2. What are the Big Five? Openness to Experience Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

3. Openness to Experience
Appreciates experience for its own sake
A “seeker”
Toleration for and exploration of the unfamiliar

5. Openness to Experience
High Scorers
Curious
Creative
Original
Imaginative
Untraditional
Broad interests
Low Scorers
Conventional
Narrow in interests
Unartistic
Unanalytical

6. Conscientiousness Relates to way in which individual performs tasks
Careful, hardworking, neat, organized, etc.

9. Conscientiousness High Scorers Organized Reliable Hard-working
Self-disciplined
Punctual
Persevering
Low Scorers
Aimless
Unreliable
Careless
Negligent
Weak-willed

10. Extraversion Relates to interpersonal behavior
Extent to which individuals prefer to be alone or with others
Ability to experience positive emotions
Surgency: ability to be vigorous and energetic

12. Extraversion High Scorers Sociable Active Talkative Person-oriented
Optimistic
Fun-loving
Low Scorers
Reserved
Sober
Unexuberant
Aloof
Task-oriented
Quiet

13. Agreeableness  Relates to interpersonal behavior
 Characteristic responses of other people to an individual
 Liked by others, nice, warm, courteous

14. What are you lookin’ at?

15. Agreeableness High Scorers Soft-hearted Good-natured Trusting Helpful
Forgiving
Straightforward
Low Scorers
Cynical
Rude
Suspicious
Uncooperative
Vengeful
Irritable
Manipulative

16. Neuroticism Relates to person’s emotional life
Measures psychological adjustment and emotional stability
Prone to experience negative emotions

18. Neuroticism High Scorers Worrying Nervous Emotional Insecure
Inadequate
Hypochondriacal
Low Scorers
Calm
Relaxed
Unemotional
Hardy
Secure
Self-satisfied

19. What is the evidence for the five-factor model?
Results have been extensively replicated
Different researchers
Different samples
Different item formats
Different languages
Different points in time

20. What is the evidence? (continued)
Many other personality measures yield the same five-factor structure
There is substantial agreement between self-ratings and ratings made by peers and/or spouses

21. Is the model comprehensive?
Some important individual differences are not captured by the big five
Beliefs
Goals
Values

22. To Sum Up
Five-factor model describes some of the most important differences between individuals
It provides a language to describe human behaviour: why people do what they do

23. Sigmund Freud

24. Life
Sigmund Freud ( ) was an Austrian Neurologist and Psychiatrist
He was dubbed the Father of Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis seeks to discover connections between someone’s unconscious mind and conscious mental processes.
His work, disputed, has been influential. His theories included subjects like defense mechanisms, dream symbolism, personality and sexual development.

25. Research
He developed his theory of internalization that describes how children learn what is good and bad, not just to avoid punishment but because they simply learn the act is bad.
Freud believed that this process is never fully complete.
Freud believed that our impulses that are seen as wrong never really go away, just take a different shape or get buried deep within us. He became most popular for this theory.

26. Methods
The methods he used to research included free association and hypnosis.
While the person was hypnotized he could use suggestion to eliminate the hysterical symptom the person might have, which has a psychological cause.

27. Popular Theories
Freud’s most popular and disputed theories involve sex.
His widely disputed theory is about how children are sexually attracted to the parent of the opposite sex, and resent their parent of the same sex out of jealousy. Since the time of this theory it was been picked apart and proven to be false.
Since this theory, any theory resulting in the conclusion of some form of sexual nature has been considered from the Freud school of thought.
Oedipus complex

28. Influence Today He inspired other psychologists
The questioning of his theories relevance led to the discovery of many other important theories.
His realization, that contrary to popular belief at the time, mental illness was not always physically apparent on the brain. This realization changed the way they diagnosed and treated mental illness.
He was a mentor to many aspiring psychologists, and founded many schools. Alfred Adler and Carl Jung were originally from the Freudian school of thought.
He was part of many groups of other psychologists and theorists, where they shared ideas and dispute each other’s theories.

29. He is still referenced when talking about psychology, and is a main figure in the development of psychology.
Before his theories, people didn’t question why they are the way they are, even if his theories did not stand the test of time, he inspired a new movement of studying ones past to see what affect it had on who they are today.
No one knows where the study of the brain and psychology would be today without the influence of Sigmund Freud, but chances are it would not be nearly as advanced as it is today.
He made this class boring.

30. Pop Culture Use of Freudian Slip still often used
Anal Personality is still used
Referenced in many movies, television shows and books.

31. Analysis of the Mind