1. Seed Plants
Angiosperms
Gymnosperms

2. Evolution Of Land Plants
REMEMBER:
Terrestrial plants evolved from a green algal ancestor
The earliest land plants were nonvascular, spore producers (bryophytes)
Ferns were the 1st vascular, spore producing plants
Gymnosperms & angiosperms were the 1st vascular, seed plants
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4. Characteristics of Seed Plants
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Alternation of Generations
Reproduce by Seeds
Vascular tissue for transport
Heterosporous – make female megaspores & male microspores
Dandelion dispersing seeds
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5. Reasons for Success on Land
Waxy cuticle
Stomata with guard cells to open & close
Gametes protected in tissue called Gametangia
Pollen tube to transfer sperm to the egg instead of water
Seeds protect developing embryo & contain food
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6. Gymnosperms (“gymno” means naked + “sperma” means seed)
Have cones for reproduction instead of flowers
4 Types
Cycad - look like ferns except they have seeds
Ginkgo - very large trees found mainly in China

7. Gymnosperms Conifers: seeds are in cones or berrylike structures
Gnetophytes: shrubs and climbing vines

8. Significance of gymnosperms
Ecological importance:
Provide food and habitat for wildlife
Forests prevent soil erosion
Reduce greenhouse-effect gasses
Economic and commercial importance:
Lumber for wood, paper, etc.
Resins – wood, furniture, etc.
Ornamental plants (trees, landscaping)
Food – pine nuts (pesto, etc.)
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9. Angiosperms
Angiosperm means “angio-” means vessel + “sperma” means seed
Have flowers
Have fruits with seeds
Live everywhere – dominant plants in the world
260,000 species (88% of Plant Kingdom)
Angiosperms are the most successful and advanced plants on earth

13. Sepals
sepal
The sepals protect the flower before it opens.

14. Petals
The petals attract pollinating insects with their bright color and attractive scent.

15. Male Parts The stamens are the male structures of the flower.
Made up of two parts.

16. Male Parts Anther: top part of the stamen, that makes pollen.
Filament: this is the stalk of the Anther

17. Female Parts
Pistil is the female structure of flower that has 3 parts.

18. Female Parts Stigma: Style: stigma
The pollen from another flower collects on the stigma’s sticky surface.
Style:
raises the stigma away from the Ovary

19. Female Parts Ovary protects the ovules(egg).
Once fertilization has taken place it will become the fruit.

20. Write the correct words in the boxes: stamens, stigma, petals, ovary, sepals
pollen sticks to this
where the seeds grow 5 1
these attract
insects
where the pollen is made
You might like to stop the show here and print out this slide. If you are using the Powerpoint version, go to Format, Background, Background Fill, and choose white, then click on Apply. This will change the background of this slide only to white so that you can print more economically. Change back to the original colour before you show the slides again.
The children could now examine some flowers, identifying the parts, looking at them through a hand lens etc. When you think they are ready to move on to pollination, show the slides again from the beginning for revision, or start at the first pollination slide. 2 4
These protect the flower before it opens 3

21. PLANT REPRODUCTION

22. Plants Reproductive Structures
Cones: Gymnosperms
Female cones contain the ovules which contains the egg cell
Male cones contain pollen which are like sperm cells
Flowers: Angiosperms
Pistil: female part of flower
Stamen: Male part of flower

23. Pollination Insects visit flowers to search for nectar – their food.
But the flowers use the insects for their own purposes!

24. Pollen gets stuck on the insect’s legs.
As the insect probes for nectar, its body rubs against the stamens.
Pollen gets stuck on the insect’s legs.
You can often see bees with a heavy load of yellow pollen on their hind legs.

25. Pollination pollination.
When the insect visits another flower of the same type, the pollen will stick to the pistal.
This is called
pollination.

26. Fertilization
The pollen travels to the ovary, where it joins with an ovule.
This is called fertilization.

27. Seeds Seeds: the fertilized egg
Seed Structure: consists of a seed coat, a young plant, and stored food

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Monocot vs. dicot
Angiosperms are divided into monocots and dicots
As the zygote grows into the embryo, the first leaves of the young sporophyte develop and are called as cotyledons (seed leaves)
Monocots have one cotyledon (corn, lily, etc).
Dicots have two cotyledons (bean, oak, etc).
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30. Comparing monocot vs. dicot plants
FEATURE
MONOCOTS
DICOTS
Cotyledons 1 2
Leaf venation
parallel
broad
Root system
Fibrous
Tap
Number of floral parts
In 3’s
In 4’s or 5’s
Vascular bundle position
Scattered
Arranged in a circle
Woody or herbaceous
Herbaceous
Either
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31. Summary: Monocot vs. dicot
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32. Types of Seeds

33. Types of Seeds

34. Seeds
The seeds develop inside the ovary, which grows to become the seed pod or fruit.

35. Seed Dispersal
The seeds are dispersed; some by animals, some by the wind, some by explosion and some by water.

36. It begins when seed absorbs water & breaks seed coat (testa)
Embryo uses stored food of cotyledons to begin growing

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Fruits
Form when ovary with ovules (eggs) ripens
May be dry and hardened (nuts)
May be enlarged and fleshy (berries, apples, tomatoes)
Used to help disperse seeds
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