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Kingdom Plantae
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What’s a plant? Multicellular Eukaryotic Cells walls made of cellulose
Develop from multicellular embryos Carry out photosynthesis using chlorophyll a and b pigments autotrophs
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Plant Life Cycle Alternations of generations
Plants cycle between the haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte)
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The Plant Kingdom Green algae are thought to have given rise to the
“higher” plants. They have the same pigments, storage products, and cell-wall type. Also, many of them live in fresh water… The different plants selected for adaptations that allowed them to exploit more of the terrestrial regions…
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Things plants need to survive
Sunlight Water and minerals Gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out) Movement of water and nutrients
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The Plant Kingdom
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Non- vascular plants (Bryophytes)
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Bryophytes Life cycles depend on water for reproduction
All live in moist areas Lack vascular tissue Draw up water by osmosis Live only a few centimeters above ground No seeds produced Ex. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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Bryophytes
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Seedless vascular plants, seed plants
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Vascular plants are different b/c
The vascular tissue system is responsible for transport of water, minerals, sugars, and plant hormones. Plants also produce lignin – makes cell walls rigid
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2 Main Types of Vascular Tissue
Xylem – moves water and minerals from roots all parts Phloem – transports nutrients and carbs made during photosynthesis, also hormones
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Seedless Vascular Plants
Most basic plant type with vascular tissue True roots, leaves and stems Use spores for reproduction Ex. Ferns, horsetails
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Ferns and Their Relatives
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Seed Plants Classified as gymnosperms or angiosperms
Seed formation allows reproduction without water Plants make cones or flowers Sperm is transferred during pollination Male gametophyte – pollen grain Embryo is protected in a seed, seed provides food and keeps embryo from drying out
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Gymnosperms Cone- bearers
Reproduction takes place in cones produced by a mature sporophyte plant Produce 2 types of cones: pollen (male) and seed (female) Exs gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers
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Gymnosperms
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The Plant Kingdom – Reproduction
Gymnosperms:
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Angiosperms Flowering plants Flowers
reproductive organs contain ovaries that surround/protect seed After pollination the flower develops into a fruit Grouped as monocots and dicots
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Dicots and Monocots Named for number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in the plant embryo
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Monocots vs. Dicots Monocots 1 cotyledon seed
Flower petals in multiples of 3 Parallel veined leaves Vascular bundles distributed through out a stem Fibrous roots Dicots 2 cotyledon seed Flower petals in multiples of 4 or 5 Branch veined leaves Vascular bundles as a ring in stem Taproot
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The Plant Kingdom – Angiosperm Reproduction
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The Plant Kingdom – Angiosperm Reproduction
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The Plant Kingdom – Angiosperm Reproduction
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