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America’s Economic Revolution

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Presentation on theme: "America’s Economic Revolution"— Presentation transcript:

1 America’s Economic Revolution
Chapter 10

2 Dr. Alan Brinkley

3 Factors that allow Industrial Growth
*Population *Transportation/communication *Technology *Business organization

4 US Population

5 Factors for Population Growth
*Public Health Efforts *High Birth Rates *Immigration

6 Growth of Cities *1860 – 26% of North in cities *Growth along Miss. R. & tribs *Growth along Great Lakes *Poor immigrants stay in cities

7 Northern European Other English Irish German

8 Different groups settle in different parts of the US
Based on economic circumstances

9

10 NATIVISM *Immigrants inferior *Breed urban slums *Corrupt politics – sell votes *Stealing jobs from real Americans *Catholic –Pope will take over

11 Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
American Party

12 The Know-Nothings

13

14 CANALS

15 ERIE CANAL *Started finished *$7 million *Easier transportation of goods ton flour 3 weeks $ ton flour 8 days $6 *13,000 boats 1st year

16 DeWitt Clinton

17 Effect on NYC *Population from: 123,000 in 1820 to ,000 in 1860 * % of US Exports * %

18 RAILROADS

19 Growth miles miles miles miles 2/3 of track in North

20 Major RR lines New York Central New York And Erie Pennsylvania Baltimore & Ohio

21 1844 Samuel Morse By ,000 miles Connects East to West

22 House of Representatives by Morse

23 Changes in Newspapers *Steam Cylinder Rotary Press *Telegraph *1846 Associated Press *Raymond-Times *Greely-Tribune *Bennett-Herald

24 Value of Manufactured Goods
$483,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $2,000,000,000 74,000 of 140,000 manufacturers are in Northeast

25 Patents

26 1839 Charles Goodyear Vulcanized Rubber

27 Sewing Machine 1846 Elias Howe Improved by Isaac Singer

28 Clipper Ship 300 miles per day 1840’s & 50’s peak

29 LABOR

30 Opening of new farmland in Midwest & new farm equipment allows surplus of food to be grown
Better transportation allows it to get to cities

31 2 ways to recruit workers
Mid-Atlantic – bring whole families from farms Young women- mostly from farms

32 Lowell Girls

33 Immigrants Many need money -will work for less -will accept poor working conditions

34 Factory Workers Average Hours per day Skilled Male $4-10 Unskilled Male $1-6 Women & kids less

35 Skilled artisans hurt by mass production
Form trade unions Unions don’t do well

36 Some help for workers: Some states pass max workday laws at 10 hours Some pass child labor laws-limit at 10 unless parents agree to more Massachusetts Supreme Court says unions legal

37 Poor & Rich

38 In 1860 5% of families own 50% of the wealth

39 MONEY Character of wealth changes
With merchants and industrialist wealth goes from property to MONEY

40 Culture of wealth begins to change
*live in opulent neighborhoods *belong to clubs *show off wealth

41 Central Park

42

43

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45 Destitute-Bottom of Society
*Widows & orphans *unemployed immigrants *Mentally ill *Physically unable to work *Forced to menial labor: Free Blacks Irish

46 Possibility for change:
*Social mobility *Geographic mobility

47 Move to cities changes family structure
*Father loses control-no longer can use land distribution

48 *Home no longer center of all activity
Separation of private (home) and public (work) lives

49 Women and the Cult of Domesticity
Change for women comes with the middle class

50 Husband is the income producer
Work is seen as only for lower class women Middle class wives stay home

51 Women become guardian of domestic virtue
*Nurture the children *Provide proper living space *companion & helper

52 Women develop unique culture
Begin to form clubs and associations Women’s literature and magazines

53 AGRICULTURE

54 New England Farmers not able to compete with Mid-West in grains Some will leave farms for cities

55 Some farmer change crops:
*grow fruit and vegetables *dairy farms *hay

56 With growth of factories & cities the demand for farm goods increases
Relationship develops between Northeast and Midwest

57

58 The South This economic connection further links the two sections
Who is left out? The South

59 Necessity for growth of cities is increased agricultural production

60 More land Better seeds/crops Better animals Better tools

61 John Deere – Steel Plow

62 Thresher Man 7 bushels per day Thresher 25 bushels per hour

63 1 man with scythe 1 acre per day

64 Cyrus McCormick – Reaper
1 man w/reaper - 8 acres per day

65 Increased production per person allows % of Americans on farms to decline yet still feed growing urban population


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