1. America’s Economic Revolution
Chapter 10

2. Dr. Alan Brinkley

3. Factors that allow Industrial Growth
*Population
*Transportation/communication
*Technology
*Business organization

4.
US Population

5. Factors for Population Growth
*Public Health Efforts
*High Birth Rates
*Immigration

6. Growth of Cities
*1860 – 26% of North in cities *Growth along Miss. R. & tribs *Growth along Great Lakes *Poor immigrants stay in cities

7. Northern European
Other
English
Irish
German

8. Different groups settle in different parts of the US
Based on economic circumstances

10. NATIVISM
*Immigrants inferior *Breed urban slums *Corrupt politics – sell votes *Stealing jobs from real Americans *Catholic –Pope will take over

11. Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
American Party

12. The
Know-Nothings

14. CANALS

15. ERIE CANAL
*Started finished *$7 million *Easier transportation of goods ton flour 3 weeks $ ton flour 8 days $6 *13,000 boats 1st year

16. DeWitt Clinton

17. Effect on NYC
*Population from: 123,000 in 1820 to ,000 in 1860
* % of US Exports
* %

18. RAILROADS

19. Growth
miles miles miles miles
2/3 of track in North

20. Major RR lines
New York Central
New York And Erie
Pennsylvania
Baltimore & Ohio

21. 1844
Samuel Morse
By ,000 miles
Connects East to West

22. House of Representatives by Morse

23. Changes in Newspapers
*Steam Cylinder Rotary Press *Telegraph *1846 Associated Press *Raymond-Times *Greely-Tribune *Bennett-Herald

24. Value of Manufactured Goods
$483,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$2,000,000,000
74,000 of 140,000 manufacturers are in Northeast

25. Patents

26. 1839 Charles Goodyear
Vulcanized Rubber

27. Sewing Machine
1846 Elias Howe
Improved by Isaac Singer

28. Clipper Ship
300 miles per day
1840’s & 50’s peak

29. LABOR

30. Opening of new farmland in Midwest & new farm equipment allows surplus of food to be grown
Better transportation allows it to get to cities

31. 2 ways to recruit workers
Mid-Atlantic – bring whole families from farms
Young women- mostly from farms

32. Lowell Girls

33. Immigrants
Many need money
-will work for less
-will accept poor working conditions

34. Factory Workers
Average Hours per day
Skilled Male $4-10
Unskilled Male $1-6
Women & kids less

35. Skilled artisans hurt by mass production
Form trade unions
Unions don’t do well

36. Some help for workers:
Some states pass max workday laws at 10 hours
Some pass child labor laws-limit at 10 unless parents agree to more
Massachusetts Supreme Court says unions legal

37. Poor & Rich

38. In 1860 5% of families own 50% of the wealth

39. MONEY Character of wealth changes
With merchants and industrialist wealth goes from property to
MONEY

40. Culture of wealth begins to change
*live in opulent neighborhoods
*belong to clubs
*show off wealth

41. Central Park

45. Destitute-Bottom of Society
*Widows & orphans
*unemployed immigrants
*Mentally ill
*Physically unable to work
*Forced to menial labor:
Free Blacks
Irish

46. Possibility for change:
*Social mobility
*Geographic mobility

47. Move to cities changes family structure
*Father loses control-no longer can use land distribution

48. *Home no longer center of all activity
Separation of private (home) and public (work) lives

49. Women and the Cult of Domesticity
Change for women comes with the middle class

50. Husband is the income producer
Work is seen as only for lower class women
Middle class wives stay home

51. Women become guardian of domestic virtue
*Nurture the children
*Provide proper living space
*companion & helper

52. Women develop unique culture
Begin to form clubs and associations
Women’s literature and magazines

53. AGRICULTURE

54. New England
Farmers not able to compete with Mid-West in grains
Some will leave farms for cities

55. Some farmer change crops:
*grow fruit and vegetables
*dairy farms
*hay

56. With growth of factories & cities the demand for farm goods increases
Relationship develops between Northeast and Midwest

58. The South This economic connection further links the two sections
Who is left out?
The South

59. Necessity for growth of cities is increased agricultural production

60. More land
Better seeds/crops
Better animals
Better tools

61. John Deere – Steel Plow

62. Thresher
Man 7 bushels per day
Thresher 25 bushels per hour

63. 1 man with scythe
1 acre per day

64. Cyrus McCormick – Reaper
1 man w/reaper - 8 acres per day

65. Increased production per person allows % of Americans on farms to decline yet still feed growing urban population