1. State and Municipal Reforms

2. An Expanded Role for Government
Progressives sought more social welfare programs to help ensure a minimum standard of living.
Many of the earliest Progressive reforms were made at the municipal, or city, level.
Some municipal reformers worked for home rule, a system that gives cities a limited degree of self-rule.
Municipal reformers opposed the influence of political bosses.
Reformers made efforts to take over city utilities such as water, gas, and electricity.
Some reform mayors led movements for city-supported welfare services such as public baths, parks, work-relief programs, playgrounds, kindergartens, and lodging houses for the homeless.

3. Progressive Political Reforms

4. Progressive Era Legislation

5. MUNICIPAL REFORM utilities - water, gas, electricity, trolleys
council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913)
Shoe line - Bowery men with gifts from ward boss Tim Sullivan, February, 1910
"Big Tim" Sullivan, a New York City ward boss, rewarded "repeat voters" with a new pair of shoes. Sullivan once explained, "When you've voted ‘em with their whiskers on, you take ‘em to a barber and scrape off the chin fringe. Then you vote ‘em again…Then to a barber again, off comes the sides and you vote ‘em a third time with the mustache…[Then] clean off the mustache and vote ‘em plain face. That makes every one of ‘em for four votes." (Library of Congress) Pageant 13e Reader’s Companion
Shoe line--Bowery men with gift from Tim Sullivan, February, 1910
"Big Tim" Sullivan, a New York City ward boss, rewarded "repeat voters" with a new pair of shoes. Sullivan once explained, "When you've voted ‘em with their whiskers on, you take ‘em to a barber and scrape off the chin fringe. Then you vote ‘em again…Then to a barber again, off comes the sides and you vote ‘em a third time with the mustache…[Then] clean off the mustache and vote ‘em plain face. That makes every one of ‘em for four votes." (Library of Congress) Pageant 13e Reader’s Companion

6. MUNICIPAL REFORM strong mayor system MAYOR
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
CITY SERVICES
council-manager plan (Dayton, 1913)
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
COUNCIL MEMBER
CITY MANAGER
CITY SERVICES

7. STATE POLITICAL REFORM
Secret Ballots
the way a voter votes is held confidential
Direct Primary
members of a party nominate candidates
Seventeenth Amendment (1913)
Direct election of senators
Initiative
Public may propose a law or amendment
Referendum
A law passed by the legislature is sent to the voters for approval
Recall
Voters may remove an elected official from office
Wadsworth.com
Robert M. LaFollette, Wisconsin Governor

8. STATE POLITICAL REFORM
Voter Participation in Presidential Elections,

9. STATE SOCIAL REFORMS professional social workers
settlement houses - education, culture, day care
child labor laws
Enable education & advancement for working class children

10. STATE SOCIAL REFORMS workplace & labor reforms eight-hour work day
improved safety & health conditions in factories
workers compensation laws
minimum wage laws
unionization
child labor laws
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1913

11. State Social Reform: Child Labor
“Breaker Boys” Pennsylvania, 1911
Child Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana. 1908
(1) Description: Child Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana Photographer, Lewis W. Hine; Credit: Nartional Archives and Records Administration;
(2) Description: Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily . photographer, Lewis W. Hine;Credit: Nartional Archives and Records Administration;
(3) The coal mines of Pennsylvania employed more than ten thousand boys under the age of 16. Known as "breaker boys," they sorted coal. Such work was dangerous and sometimes fatal, as attested by this 1911 headline. (Library of Congress); Pageant 13e History Companion
(4) Lewis W. Hine. Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911.;"On other side of shed still younger children were working. Out of sixty working,... I counted 15 apparently under 12 years of age. Some 3, 4, and 5 years old were picking too.... Boss said they went to work at 3 A.M. and would quit about 3 or 4 P.M." ; PBS American Photography
Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911
Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C. 1908

12. Settlement Houses Hull-House – Jane Addams
Hull House today: (1906 picture)
Jane Addams (1905)
Hull-House Complex in 1906

13. TEMPERANCE Temperance Crusade
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Anti-Saloon League
Frances Willard ( ), leader of the WCTU
Anti-Saloon League Campaign, Dayton

14. TEMPERANCE & PROHIBITION
Eighteenth Amendment
Henretta, America’s History 4e from
Prohibition on the Eve of the 18th Amendment, 1919