1. Imperial Wars and Colonial Protest
Unit 2

2. The American Colonies and England
During the 18th century England served as cultural and political model for the colonies
Examples of colonial self rule
1685, James II, ruled without Parliament, Catholic
tightened control over New England

3. The American Colonies and England
1689, James II overthrown
Glorious Revolution
William and Mary, English Bill of Rights
During this time England adopted a new colonial policy
Salutary neglect

4. The American Colonies and England
The Enlightenment
problems could be solved by human reason
Philosophers
John Locke
Rousseau
Voltaire
Montesquie

5. French and Indian War
Mid 18th century European powers were in a power struggle
In North America G.B’s greatest rival was…
What major advantage did the French have?
How did Native Americans benefit from this?
The British colonial population began to grow
Did little to stop settlers from taking N.A. lands

6. French and Indian War Began with conflict over the Ohio Valley
George Washington was defeated by the French
Set off a world war (7 years war in Europe)
The Albany Plan of the Union
1754 delegates met in Albany, NY
Benjamin Franklin, provided for recruitment of troops and collecting of taxes from all the colonies for common defense

7. The French and Indian War

8. British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
British
Methods of Fighting:
Indian-style guerilla tactics.
March in formation or bayonet charge.
Military Organization:
Col. militias served under own captains.
Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
Military Discipline:
No mil. deference or protocols observed.
Drills & tough discipline.
Finances:
Resistance to rising taxes.
Colonists should pay for their own defense.
Demeanor:
Casual, non-professionals.
Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

9. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England
* By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

10. French and Indian War Effects of the War of G.B.?
Increased her colonial empire in the Americas
Greatly enlarged England’s debt
G.B.’s contempt for colonials created bitter feelings
England believes that they need a “reorganization” of the American colonies

11. French and Indian War Effect on the Colonies
They were united against a common enemy
Created a socializing experience for those who participated
Created bitter feelings toward that British that would only intensify

12. North America in 1763

13. Pontiac’s Rebellion
The British victory caused problems for the Native Americans
1763, Chief Pontiac led a major attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier
They took control of forts in the Ohio Valley
Without French support the rebellion eventually fizzled

14. Pontiac’s Rebellion The costly war’s encouraged G.B. to change policy
Proclamation of 1763
ordered colonists to remain east of the Appalachain Mountains

15. Causes of the American Revolution
In the years following the war Parliament adopted legislation that made the colonists become suspicious of British motives
Sugar Act
Quartering Act

16. Causes of the American Revolution
Stamp Act
Every colony reacted
Patrick Henry, demanded the King recognize the rights of all citizens
No taxation without representation
James Otis called for cooperation from the colonies to protest the Stamp Act

17. Causes of the American Revolution
Stamp Act Congress
9 representatives met in NY
Only thier own elected representatives could approve taxes
Formation of the Sons of Liberty
attacked tax collectors
Boycotts

18. Causes of the American Revolution
1766, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act and enacted the Declaratory Act
Stated that Parliament had the right to enact taxation in the colonies in all cases

19. Causes of the American Revolution
Townshend Acts: 1767, new taxes on imports of tea, glass, and paper
Provided for the search of homes,writs of assistance
No taxation without representation!!!
The acts were eventually repealled, however they allowed the tax on...

20. Causes of the American Revolution
Boston Massacre
Bostionians were not happy about the British presence in their city
March 1770, a crowd gathered outside the custom house and began harassing British soliders
The guards fired into the crowd, killing 5 people
Soliders were defended at trial by John Adams
Used incite anti British feelings

21. Causes of the American Revolution
Between , Samuel Adams and others formed Committees of Correspondence
Regularly exchange letters about suspicious or threatening British activities

22. Causes of the American Revolution
The colonists continued to boycott English tea
Britain passed the Tea Act, making English tea cheaper
- Boston Tea Party, Dec. 1773

23. Causes of the American Revolution
The Boston Tea Party angered Parliament and the King
The British enacted the Coercive Acts as punishment, the colonist called them the…

24. Causes of the American Revolution
The Coercive Acts (1774)
Closed the Port of Boston
Reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature
Royal officials would be tried in England, not the colonies
Expanded the Quartering Act