1. Ratios and Rates
Chapter 7

2. Ratios A ratio is a comparison of 2 things For example: 
What is the ratio of circles to squares?
What is the ratio of squares to circles?

3. Ratios We can write ratios in 3 ways: 1 to 2 1:2 or ½
Always read as “ one to two”
NEVER as “one half” because you are comparing one TO the other

4. Ratios     What is the ratio of: Phones to books?
 
 
What is the ratio of:
Phones to books?
Pencils to stars?
Stars to phones?
Pencils to books?

5. Ratios     What is the ratio of:
 
 
What is the ratio of:
Phones to books? 4 to 6 or 2 to 3
Pencils to stars?
Stars to phones?
Pencils to books?

6. Ratios     What is the ratio of:
 
 
What is the ratio of:
Phones to books? 4 to 6 or 2 to 3 Pencils to stars? 2 to 4 or 1 to 2
Stars to phones?
Pencils to books?

7. Ratios     What is the ratio of:
 
 
What is the ratio of:
Phones to books? 4 to 6 or 2 to 3 Pencils to stars? 2 to 4 or 1 to 2
Stars to phones? 4 to 4 or 1 to 1
Pencils to books?

8. Ratios     What is the ratio of:
 
 
What is the ratio of:
Phones to books? 4 to 6 or 2 to 3 Pencils to stars? 2 to 4 or 1 to 2
Stars to phones? 4 to 4 or 1 to 1
Pencils to books? 2 to 6 or 1 to 3

9. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify? 2 days to 2 weeks
75 cents to 3 dollars
2 pounds to 12 ounces

10. They need to be in the same unit first
Simplifying Ratios
How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks
75 cents to 3 dollars
2 pounds to 12 ounces
They need to be in the same unit first

11. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days:
75 cents to 3 dollars
2 pounds to 12 ounces

12. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days: 2 days to 14 days
75 cents to 3 dollars
2 pounds to 12 ounces

13. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days: 2 days to 14 days or 1 to 7
75 cents to 3 dollars
2 pounds to 12 ounces

14. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days: 2 days to 14 days or 1 to 7
75 cents to 3 dollars= 75¢ to 300 ¢
2 pounds to 12 ounces

15. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days: 2 days to 14 days or 1 to 7
75 cents to 3 dollars= 75¢ to 300 ¢ or 1 to 4
2 pounds to 12 ounces

16. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days: 2 days to 14 days or 1 to 7
75 cents to 3 dollars= 75¢ to 300 ¢ or 1 to 4
2 pounds to 12 ounces= 32oz to 12 oz

17. Simplifying Ratios How can I simplify?
2 days to 2 weeks change weeks to days: 2 days to 14 days or 1 to 7
75 cents to 3 dollars= 75¢ to 300 ¢ or 1 to 4
2 pounds to 12 ounces= 32oz to 12 oz or 8 to 3

18. Simplifying Ratios Try these: 2 days to 5 hours 4 feet to 15 inches
2 cm to 12 mm

19. Sometimes ratios can not be changed into the same unit
Special Ratios
Sometimes ratios can not be changed into the same unit
For example:
Simplify 420 miles to 15 gallons.
We can not change miles to gallons or gallons to miles because one is measuring distance and the other is measuring capacity.

20. These special Ratios are called Rates
A rate is a ratio expressed in a per unit form; that is, a form involving the ratio of some number to 1. It is therefore simplified to a whole number, a mixed number or a decimal by dividing.
One example of a rate is "miles per gallon" (mpg, or mi/gal), which tells how far a car can travel on 1 gallon of gas.
Can you think of any others?

21. Rates Examples of RATES: Words per minute: wpm
Revolutions per minute: rpm
Miles per gallon: mpg
Miles per hour: mph
Cost per week: $200 a week
Cost per day: $50 a day
Feet per second: ft/s
Grams per cm3 : g/ cm3
Pounds per ft3 : lb/ ft3
Km per L: km/L

22. Let's practice expressing rates in per unit form:
522 words in 9 min = ? Words per min.
125 miles in 2hours
16 g in 20 cm3
630 miles on 30 gal of gas

23. Let's practice expressing rates in per unit form:
120 km in 3h
6) 70 mi on 5 gal of gas
$1000 in 4 months
8) A certain kind of lumber costs $3.00 for 8ft. What is the unit price (rate of cost)?

24. We often associate rate with speed.
Rates
We often associate rate with speed.
The formula d=rt allows us to solve problems involving distance (d), average or constant rate of speed (r), and time (t).
Let's try these:
1) A car made a trip of 225 mi at an average speed of 50 mi/h. How long did the trip take? (d = rt)

25. Rates
Let's try these:
2) A car travels for 3h at an average rate of speed of 65 km/h. How far does the car travel?
3) A bicyclist travels for 2h at an average speed of 12 km/h. How far does the bicyclist travel?

26. Rates
Let's try these:
4) At this speed(number 3), how long will it take the bicyclist to travel 54 km?
5) If a car travels 195 km in 3h, what is its average rate of travel?

27. Proportions

28. Proportions A proportion is 2 ratios that are equivalent
For example: 
What is the ratio of circles to squares?
4:6 or 2:3
Therefore 4:6 = 2:3 which makes a proportion

29. Proportions We can write proportions in 3 ways:
1 to 2= 2 to 4 1:2=2:4 or
Always read as:
“ one is to two as two is to four”
NEVER as “one half equals two-fourths” because you are comparing one TO the other

30. Proportions
Remember that we can cross multiply to check to make sure that it is a proportion

31. we can also cross multiply to find the missing number in a proportion
Solving Proportions
we can also cross multiply to find the missing number in a proportion
then solve the equation
3n = 60

32. PS: They don’t always work out to a whole number
Try these:
PS: They don’t always work out to a whole number

33. Proportions and Word problems

34. Solving proportional word problems
There are five steps that I want you to use when solving proportional word problems:
Ratio in words
Write the proportion
Cross multiply/equation
Solve the equation
Answer in a sentence

35. Word problems with proportions
Example #1
At a grocery store oranges are on sale for 12 oranges for $.99. How much will 15 cost?

36. Step 1: Ratio At a grocery store oranges are on sale for 12 oranges for $.99. How much will 15 cost?
Write the ratio in words: What are we comparing?
Oranges
cost

37. Step 2: Proportion At a grocery store oranges are on sale for 12 oranges for $.99. How much will 15 cost?
Write the proportion with what we know: (We are comparing oranges to cost)

38. Step 3: Equation At a grocery store oranges are on sale for 12 oranges for $.99. How much will 15 cost?
We cross multiply and write the equation:

39. Step 4: Solve At a grocery store oranges are on sale for 12 oranges for $.99. How much will 15 cost?
We solve the equation: 4)

40. Step 5: Answer At a grocery store oranges are on sale for 12 oranges for $.99. How much will 15 cost?
Answer the question in a complete sentence: 4)
5) It will cost $1.24 for 15 oranges.

41. Example #2 If 9 kg of fertilizer will feed 300 m2 of grass, how much fertilizer will be required to feed 500m2?
5) 15 kg of fertilizer is required to feed 500m2

42. Example #3 A student buys 6 drawing pencils for $3. 90
Example #3 A student buys 6 drawing pencils for $3.90. How much will it cost for 10 pencils?
5) It will cost $6.50 for 10 pencils.

43. Example #4 There are 221 students and 13 teachers at Hampton School
Example #4 There are 221 students and 13 teachers at Hampton School. To keep the same student-to-teacher ratio, how many teachers are needed for 272 students?
5) 16 teachers will be needed for 272 students.