1. UT Houston Family Practice Joint Primary Care Fellow
Helping children with diabetes, what is diabetes and how do you take care of it if you have it ?
Wael Aboughali, MD
UT Houston Family Practice
Joint Primary Care Fellow

2. What is diabetes ?
Diabetes is a disease that happens when the body has too much sugar in the blood.
There are two types of diabetes, Type I and Type II.
Type I is usually seen in younger people, and Type II in older people.

3. What is Type I Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune disorder-a problem with the body's immune system. In a healthy body, specialized cells (called beta cells) in the pancreas make insulin.

4. What is Type I Diabetes?
Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to use energy from food.
In type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakes beta cells for invaders and attacks them. When enough cells are destroyed, symptoms appear

5. Type I Diabetes
Antibodies Normal cells

6. Where is the pancreas ?

7. Where are the beta cells?

8. What is Insulin ?
Insulin is a hormone your body makes to help you lower the sugar in your body after you eat.
If you don’t have enough insulin you can’t lower your sugar and you get too much sugar in your body.

9. Insulin in the blood
Insulin is the key to lowering sugar

10. What is type II Diabetes?
In type 2 diabetes, the beta cells still produce insulin.
However, either the cells do not respond properly to the insulin or the insulin produced naturally is not enough to meet the needs of the body.

11. Type II Diabetes
So insulin is usually still present in a person with type 2 diabetes, but it does not work as well as it should.

12. Type II Diabetes
Some people with type 2 can keep it under control by losing weight, changing their diet, and increasing their exercise.
Others take one or more medications, including insulin.

13. Some people need extra insulin

14. Myths about Diabetes
A diabetes myth - diabetes is not caused by eating too much sugar. This myth probably began when people with diabetes were absolutely forbidden from consuming sugar. 

15. Myths about Diabetes
Children can still have all of their favorite sweets as long as they are scheduled in an eating plan.

16. Diabetes and Symptoms
Diabetes often goes undiagnosed because many of its symptoms seem so harmless.
The early detection of diabetes symptoms and treatment can decrease the chance of developing the problems of diabetes.

17. Diabetes Symptoms Frequent urination Excessive thirst Extreme hunger
Unusual weight loss
Increased fatigue
Irritability
Blurry vision

18. Symptoms Review

19. What happens if we don’t take care of diabetes ?
If you don't take good care of diabetes, over time, it can cause some problems.
How you take care of diabetes now affects what happens later on.
You may feel just fine, but diabetes is a strain on the body and it can cause problems later on.

20. Nerve Problems with Diabetes
One problem is a painful nerve condition that leads to loss of feeling in your hands and feet.

21. Eye Problems
If diabetes is not managed properly it can lead to blindness after many years of high sugar.

22. Normal Eye

23. Abnormal Eye of Diabetes

24. Heart problems
Diabetes is a major reason why people get heart attacks.
Heart disease is very common in people with diabetes.

25. Heart problems

26. Who gets diabetes ?
People with type 2 diabetes in their families are at greater risk of developing diabetes themselves.

27. Who also gets diabetes ?
Other risk factors for type 2 diabetes include being overweight, physically inactive, or belonging to certain ethnic groups.
African American, Latino, Native American, and Asian Americans are at higher risk.

28. Preventing diabetes
The best way to prevent diabetes is by doing a few things on a regular basis.
What do you think these things are ?

29. Meals Make and use a healthy meal plan that has fruits and vegetables
Find out how different foods affect blood sugar by reading the labels
Choose healthy foods in the grocery store and in restaurants

30. Fruits are fun to eat !!!

31. Nutrition Pyramid

32. Exercising
The other important thing is trying to lose weight and exercising.
Exercising helps to lower blood sugar.
For most people, it's best to aim for a total of about 30 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week.

34. Exercise,exercise,exercise

36. Weight loss The final important thing is weight loss.
This helps by reducing the amount of insulin your body needs to lower sugar.

38. Weight loss is fun !!!

39. THE END
Thank you for coming 