2. World War One
2 and a half minutes

3. Troubles in Europe Nationalism – a feeling of intense loyalty.
Nationalism in Germany and Italy was challenging the position
of older nations such as Great Britain and France.
Ethnic groups were demanding independent nations of their own.

4. Imperial Expansion
Imperialism – Nations in Europe wanted to expand their empire by colonization.
New colonies brought new markets and raw materials.
There were few areas left to colonize which led to tensions between countries.
p656

5. Military Buildup
In order to protect their interests, European countries built up huge armies and powerful navies.
p656

6. Forming Alliances
Nations formed alliances with each other creating a “Balance of Power”.
“Central Powers” – Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
“Allied Powers” - Great Britain, France and Russia.

7. An Assassination Leads to War
On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was shot and killed while on a good will visit to Sarajevo the Capitol of Bosnia.
The assassin, Gavrilo Princip, was a member of a Serbian nationalist group called “The Black Hand”. P

8. An Assassination Leads to War (2)P
Princip and other terrorists had plotted the murder hoping to advance the cause of the unification of Slavic Peoples.

9. A World War Begins The Great War had begun.
“Allied Powers” – Great Britain, France and Russia.
“Central Powers” – Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire. P

10. Battle of the Marne
The Battle of the Marne was the first battle of World War One.
The Germans advanced to within 15 miles of Paris (to the Marne River).
This weeklong battle showed that neither side could win the war quickly or easily.
p658

11. Trench Warfare
Fighting reached a Stalemate after the Battle of the Marne.
Each side faced the other side from a system of trenches.
Between them lay “No Mans Land”. An area of land mines and barbed wire.
p658

12. Verdun and the Somme Both sides attempted to break the stalemate.
The Battle of Verdun was one of the longest and bloodiest of the war with 3/4th of a million men were killed in nine months time.
The Battle of the Somme was the French and British attempt to break the stalemate.
It too failed. P

13. Deadly Technology
Technological advancements such as new and improved “machine guns”, armored tanks, poison gas, zeppelins and the airplane made World War One more deadly than any war had ever been.
p659

14. On the Seas
With their armies deadlocked on land, both sides looked to the Sea to break the stalemate.
Great Britain’s navy blockaded all of Germany’s ports causing shortages of everything.
Germany attacked at sea by using “U-boats” (early submarines) to keep supplies from reaching England.
p659

15. America’s Road to War
As Europe plunged into World War One, President Wilson declared that the United States would remain “neutral”.
“Neutral” means to take neither side in a conflict.
President Wilson before Congress breaking relations with Germany February 3, 1917

16. American Neutrality
One third of people in the United States were foreign born.
Many sided with their country or origin.
Most Americans sided with the Allies.

17. Using Propaganda
Propaganda – information designed to influence opinion.
Both sides, (Allies and Central Powers) used “Propaganda” to get their message across.
Sketched image of crazed German royal holding one knife in mouth and a knife and dagger in each hand walking with blood on bare feet

18. America’s Early Involvement
America, being “neutral”, wanted to trade with both Britain and Germany.
Britain had a naval blockade of Germany so the U.S. could only trade with Britain.
This is a picture of horses being sent to Europe to fight in the war.

19. Submarine Warfare
In response to Britain’s naval blockade of the Atlantic Ocean, Germany announced it would use its
U-Boats (submarines) to sink any vessels that entered or left British ports.

20. Submarine Warfare (2)
On May 7, 1915, A German U-Boat torpedoed the British passenger liner Lusitania off the coast of Ireland.
1000 people died, 128 of which were Americans.

21. Submarine Warfare (3)
Fearing that America might enter the war, Germany promised to start warning neutral ships before attacking. (Sussex Pledge)

22. On the Brink of War
In January of 1917, Germany announced it would sink on sight all merchant vessels, armed or unarmed, sailing to Allied ports.
The “Zimmerman telegram” was a secret message from Germany asking Mexico to attack America and recover the American West.
The U.S. was outraged.

23. On April 6, 1917, America entered World War I.
America Enters the War
p664
On April 6, 1917, America entered World War I.

24. Raising an Army
The Selective Service Act established a military draft.
Men, 21 to 30 (later 18 to 45) registered by the millions.
Of these, 3 million were called to serve and 2 million more enlisted voluntarily.
Thousands of women also enlisted.
p664

25. Americans Join the Allies
By 1917, the Allies desperately need the help of the Americans.
German Submarines were keeping supplies from reaching Britain.
The U.S. helped find and destroy the German Submarines.

26. Supplying the Allies
America’s entry into the war made a immediate difference.
The U.S. took two steps
Helped Britain find and destroy German submarines
Escorted groups of merchant ships across the Atlantic in “Convoys”.
p665

27. American Troops in the War (American Expeditionary Force)
General John J. Pershing led the American troops (AEF) in Europe.
While the French and British wanted to use American soldiers to build up their own ranks, Pershing refused and kept the AEF as a separate force.
p666

28. Americans Go into Action
Through the Summer of 1918, Americans saw serious fighting against the Germans at Belleau Wood and later the Argonne Forest.
By November, Americans had pushed the Germans out of France and started to invade Germany.
P666/667

29. The End of the War Request for an Armistice
Germans were in retreat and realized they could not win the war.
On October 4, 1918, the German government asked for an “armistice”
(An agreement to end the fighting.)
p668

30. Peace Begins
“The Great War” ended on November 11, 1918 when Germany agreed to withdraw all forces west of the Rhine River.
Germany’s sea fleet also had to pull back.
p668

31. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
The Fourteen Points Presidents Wilson’s peace plan, changed boundaries in Europe and created new nations.
His ideas included;
1. free trade
2. freedom of the seas
3. limits on arms
4. peaceful settlements of disputes.
P 675

32. League of Nations
Wilson wanted to put together a group of nations to meet and resolve international disputes.
This sounds good but problems arose when individual nations wanted to do something the league didn’t want them to do.

33. The Peace Conference
p675
The victorious Allies held their peace talks in Paris, France.
They did not invite Germany or Russia.

34. The Allies Disagree
Wilson wanted “Peace Without Victory”. Meaning Germany should not be punished.
The other Allies wanted revenge on Germany.
All of the Allies wanted Germany to pay “reparations”
(Paying for the damage)

35. The Treaty of Versailles
After tough negotiations, the Allies and Germany signed a harsh peace treaty June 28, 1919.
Germany had to pay billions of dollars in reparations and accept full responsibility for the war.
Germany was forced to give up all of her overseas colonies.
A League of Nations was included in the treaty.
p676

36. The Treaty is Rejected
The Treaty of Versailles needed to be approved by the U.S. Senate.
The Treaty, along with the League of Nations was rejected and not approved.
The U.S. signed a separate treaty with the countries of the Central Powers and never joined the League of Nations.
p678