1. Ancient Greece

2. Minoan Trade in the Mediterranean
B.C.
Crete – island on edge of Aegean Sea
Traded fine pottery,
swords, precious
metals
“Stepping stone for
cultural exchange in Mediterranean

3. Knossos – capital city
Peaceful city – no fortifications
King Minos – owned a Minotaur (half man – half bull)
Wall Paintings – display graceful/athletic people
- loved nature & beautiful objects
Sports – boxing, wrestling, bull leaping

4. The Palace at Knossos

5. Minotaur

6. Bull Leapers of Knossos
Sport? Fun Activity? Warrior Initiation? Religious?
ALL OF THESE THINGS!!!

7. Minoan Fresco

8. Mysterious End 1200 B.C. - End of civilization Not sure why –
- possible earthquake
- maybe invaders
- tidal wave
- volcanic ash

9. The Mycenaean World

10. The Mycenaean World First rulers of Greece
Government wealth through force
Said to have fought in the legendary Trojan War

11. Mycenaean Trade

12. The Trojan War 10 year war against Troy
Fought because Trojan man stole wife of a Mycenaean king
Destroyed Troy with “Trojan Horse”
Greeks built a “gift” for the Trojans
The Greeks hid inside and at night when the horse was taken inside, the Greeks came out and destroyed Troy

13. How do they decline: Invasion of Dorians
Invaded Greece from the north
Myceanaeans weakened by infighting
Dorians easily won using iron weapons

14. After this Greece enters a period of the Dark ages…...

15. The Geography of Greece

18. Geography Mountains 75% of Greek mainland protected and isolated
limited contact between communities
Effect: Greece never unites w/ one govt.

19. Geography (Cont.) Natural Harbors
no place more than 50 miles from the coast
Effect: many make living from the seas

20. Rules and Order in Greek City-States
Because of geography Greeks did not develop political unity
Created polis (city-states)
Most city-states covered 50 to 500 square miles
Home to fewer than 10,000 residents
Acropolis – gathering place to discuss city government

21. The Acropolis Today

22. Greek Polis Types of Rule in City-States Rule by a king (Monarchy)
Rule by a small group of people (Aristocracy)
Rule by a few powerful people (Oligarchy)
Rule by a tyrant- powerful individuals who work for the interests of ordinary people

23. Greeks
Vs.
Spartans
Two most important city states!!!

24. Athens

25. Athens Builds a Limited DemocracyP O L I T C A
621 B.C. – Draco ruled all Athenians equal under the law
594 B.C. – Solon establishes democracy
All citizens participate in government
Only males were citizens
Outlawed slavery
Created 4 social classes
 top 3 could hold office
Solon

26. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

27. Athens-Democracy (Continued)
500 B.C. – Cleisthenes organized citizens in 10 groups
Created council of 500
Council members chosen at random
Only free adult male property owners born in Athens were citizens
Women, slaves, foreigners excluded

28. I Athenian Education N T E L C U A Athenian Males
Sons of wealthy got formal education at age 7
Two years of military service at age 18
Active service is called hoplites (infantry)
Right to speak and vote in the Assembly
At age 30, could serve in the Council of 500
Women, very little to do outside of family life

30. Sparta Builds a Military State
2nd Most Important City-State
Located near the Gulf of Corinth
Very different from Athens
Built a military state
Conquered Laconia & Messenia
Slaves became known as Helots
Didn’t care about Democracy & Arts
“Spartan” means highly self-disciplined

31. SPARTANS

32. Spartan Government & SocietyL I T C A
Council of Elders
30 yr. old citizens: proposed laws
5 elected officials carried out laws
Oligarchy
2 kings ruled Sparta’s military force
Social Order
Original inhabitants
Noncitizens: worked in commerce/industry
Helots: field & house servants
Social

33. Council of Elders

34. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

35. Social Spartan Daily Life 607-371 B.C. Most Powerful Army
Individual expression discouraged
Men served in Army until age 60
Women physically conditioned to be healthy mothers
ran- wrestled- played sports
Women told men, “ come back with your shield or on it”
had more independence than Athenian women
Greeks admired Spartan discipline but didn’t want to live like them

36. Spartan Women
Social

37. (Write on the Bottom of Notes)
Conflict #1 : Persian Wars!!!
Persian Wars
__?_ v. __?__
Cause 1
Cause 2
Effect 1
Effect 2
Effect 3

38. Persian Wars: 499 B.C. – 480 B.C.

39. The Persian Wars Persians control all of Middle East
Greek cities in Asia Minor rebel against Persians
Athens sent ship to help them
Battle of Marathon – 546 B.C.
Darius (King of Persia) decides to conquer Greece and punish Athens
10,000 Athenians defeat 25,000 Persians
 lined themselves in phalanxes
Messenger sent 26 miles to deliver news of victory to Athens

40. The Battle of Marathon

41. The Phalanx

42. Battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes, son of Darius, attacks Greece in 480 B.C.
Persians overwhelm Spartans at Thermopylae
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass fought 3 days
Persians capture Athens
Set fire to Athens

43. Battle of Thermopylae

44. Pass at Thermopylae

45. Athenians Fight Back Defeat Persians at Salamis (naval battle)
Athenians create Delian League
Loose alliance of city-states: 200 of them
Delos: island in the Aegean Sea
Athens becomes headquarters and the dominant power in Greece
Athens enters the Golden Age

46. The Acropolis Today