1. Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
An approach critical to the prevention of FASD
Interprofessional collaborative practice is an emerging model of practice in health care that ensures patient needs are met through collaboration among the health care team. This set of slides will provide a basic introduction as to why interprofessional collaborative practice is important to the prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. We hope these slides provide a brief introduction to the concept of interprofessional collaborative practice. Resources are included to help expand your knowledge on this topic.

2. Health care is changing
We are called to move towards outcomes-based, value-based and team-based care
Reimbursement with the Medicare Access & CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) will support value-based care and reimburse team- based care
Health care is in a culture change and must flex with the context. With health care costs rising, the government has decided to move away from current reimbursement models focused on relative value units (RVUs) focused on fee-for-service towards a value-based care approach. In 2015, the government passed the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act or MACRA. MACRA focuses on patient outcomes and quality. MACRA will support and provide reimbursement for team-based care. Reimbursement models vary based on health care context and will be changing when MACRA takes place.
Source: Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2015

3. What is Interprofessionalism?
When health care providers make a DELIBERATIVE effort to work together for the best patient and system outcomes
Team-based care focused on the patient
Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) focuses on when health care professionals work in teams to optimize patient care. Team members make a deliberative effort to develop care plans. This means that team members work together and focus on the patient and family. The health care team will vary based on the context and patient needs. But health care teams have been shown to impact quality, reduce errors and improve the experience of both the patient and the providers.

4. The Interprofessional Education Collaborative recommends health care professionals demonstrate these competencies
Values/Ethics
Roles/Responsibilities
Interprofessional Communication
Teams and Teamwork
In 2011, the Interprofessional Education Collaborative or IPEC developed a series of Competencies to support both educators and health care providers in becoming effective at team-base care and interprofessional collaborative practice. These include 4 main Core Competencies: Values and Ethics, which focuses on the importance and ethical obligation health care providers have engage in team-based care; Roles and Responsibilities focuses on knowing the roles and scope of practice of each team member to allow each member to practice at the highest level of their licensure to address patient needs; Interprofessional Communication identifies the best practices needed for providers to communicate across the team removing barriers like professional jargon; Team and Teamwork provides a basis for what facilitates good team function and how teams develop to become high performing. From these Core Competencies, disciplinary accrediting bodies have now created requirements for interprofessional education in health professions education.
Want more information? Visit the Interprofessional Education Collaborative here:

5. What is a team?
Two or more individuals with a high degree of interdependence geared toward the achievement of a goal or the completion of a task.
Teams make decisions, solve problems, provide support, accomplish missions, and plan their work.
A team is unique from a group. In team-based interprofessional care, it is important to recognize that team members must rely on one another for successful outcomes.

6. Health Care Teams
Unidisciplinary
a group of different people from the same discipline work together. An example of a unidisciplinary team is a clinical teaching team involving an attending physician, a medical resident, and a medical student. In this example, these individuals make up a team for patient care from one health care profession.
Multidisciplinary
group of people from different disciplines who develop intervention plans independently. Generally, each discipline conducts an independent assessment of patient. One person, usually the physician, orders the services and coordinates the care.
Interprofessional
group of people from different health care professions who assess and plan care in a collaborative manner. A common goal is established and each discipline works to achieve that goal. Care is interdependent, complimentary, and coordinated.
In health care we have commonly seen unidisciplinary and multidisciplinary teams. However, we hope to move towards interprofessional teams to improve patient outcomes. In the prevention of FASD, we typically see a multidisciplinary approach where a pregnant woman goes to her ob-gyn during routine pregnancy checkups. In this case, she may see multiple health care professionals like the physician, the medical assistant and psychologist or social worker if an issue with drinking is identified. In this case, each health care professional assesses the patient individually and develops a care plan for the patient. In an interprofessional model, the health care team briefs before meeting the patient. If the pregnant woman is flagged for a concern with drinking during pregnancy, the team may huddle to discuss and design a quick plan of care and pull in other professionals like the psychologist and social worker. The health care team will see the patient and then debrief as a team to ensure a collaborative care plan. The distinction between the multidisciplinary and the interprofessional team is that the interprofessional team collaboratively work together to address the patients needs. For case examples, check out this resource: Catalyst Learning Center Interprofessional Care for a Person with FASD Course -
For case examples, check out this resource: Catalyst Learning Center Interprofessional Care for a Person with FASD Course -

7. Health care professionals must change the way they think…
A move to interprofessional collaborative practice means that providers need to alter the way they think. Instead of simply identifying their own clinical perspective, health care teams must work together to develop a collaborative care plan that involves the patient.

8. How to design a Collaborative Care Plan
I think
Identify role responsibilities (disciplinary knowledge)
We think
Identify team roles/responsibilities for patient care
We act
Team recommendations for patient care plan
In collaborative care planning, individual health care providers share their unique clinical perspective. Then team members identify which providers will implement each aspect of the care plan. Then the team members follow through with the team recommendations communicating and working together as needed.

9. How is Team-based Care Reimbursed
Team-based care will be reimbursed through the move to value-based care
Value-based care looks at the patient health care outcome
Health care organizations are moving towards new payment models that support teams like:
Bundle payments
Payment for quality patient outcomes vs. fee-for service
Pay for performance of the team rather than the services provided
MACRA will pay in this structure to begin in 2019
Reimbursement will be unique in different health care settings based on the value measures chosen by each health care organization or system
Interprofessional collaborative care will be reimbursed when health care moves to value-based care with the implementation of MACRA in 2019.

10. Want more information?
American Interprofessional Health Collaborative -
Catalyst Learning Center Interprofessional Care for a Person with FASD Course - for-a-person-with-fasd/
Interprofessional Education Collaborative -
Institute for Health Care Improvement -
MACRA Resource: management/payment/medicare-payment/faq.html
National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education –
If you would like more information on interprofessionalism, check out these links.