1. “This presentation is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into a contract or agreement.”

2. RDF Data Management In Oracle10g Jayant Sharma
Technical Director, Spatial Oracle Server Technologies

3. Overview Network Data Model RDF Technology Background
RDF Data Model, Query, Rulebases
Summary

4. Managing Spatial Types in Oracle10g
Road Networks
(directed graph)
Zip Codes Boundaries
(polygons)
Annotation
(text)
Oracle10g
Spatial
Data
Aerial Imagery
(raster)
Business Addresses
(geocoded points)
Structured Topology
(parcels)

5. Network Data Model (NDM)
Feature of Oracle Spatial 10g
Tool for managing graphs (networks) in the database
Supports directed and undirected networks
spatial networks
logical networks
Consists of a network database schema, and a Java API for representation and analysis.
Network Data Model (NDM)
Oracle Spatial is an option of the Oracle database, and the Network Data Model is one of the many features provided with Oracle Spatial 10g.
A network or graph captures relationships between objects using connectivity. NDM supports both directed and undirected networks, which can be either spatial or logical.
Spatial networks contain both connectivity information and geometric information. Logical Networks contain connectivity information but no geometric information.
NDM consists of two components: a network database schema, and a Java API. The network schema contains network metadata and tables for nodes and links. The Java API enables network representation and network analysis.

6. Network Schema Network Metadata
Name, Type, Node/Link/Path Table Information
Network Tables
Node Table
Node_ID, Node_Type, Geometry,…
Link Table
Link_ID, Link_Type, Start_Node_ID, End_Node_ID, Cost, Geometry, …
Path Table
Path_ID, Start_Node_ID, End_Node_ID, Cost, Geometry, Path Links,…
Application Information is added to network schema
Add additional columns in node, link, and path tables directly
Add foreign key(s) to node, link, and path tables
NDM consists of 2 components. The first is the network database schema. As you can see the data for NDM is stored in Oracle in tables, like any other data would be. The only difference is that the data must contain the information highlighted above. So there must be a table that identifies the metadata of the Network. There must be a node table, where all information about the nodes is stored, e.g. node_ID, Node_Type, geometry. There must be a link table which contains a link_ID, a link_type, a start_node_id, a cost, and a goemetry. Finally, there must be a path table which contains a path_id, start node ID, end node id, a cost, geometry, and path links.
It is possible to store any other information of interest in the the tables too. This information may be specific to the application that you are using to view the data.

7. Network Data Model APIs
PL/SQL Package: (server-side)
Network data query and management
Maintains referential integrity and validation
Supports link/node/path updates
Java API: (mid-tier or client side)
Network loading/storage
Network analysis
Network Creation/Editing
Java Functional Extensibility
Network, Node, Link, Path are Java Interfaces
Application-based network analysis extensions
Network information is stored and managed (through PL/SQL and SQL) in the relational database, and network representation, network loading, and network analysis are done in the client or application tier using the Java API.
The Oracle network data model separates network data and application information, so that applications can focus on specific application knowledge.

8. Oracle 10g RDF Approach:
Extended existing Oracle10g network (graph) data model (NDM) to support RDF object types
Support for user-defined rules, rulebases, rules indexes
RDF data model with (user-defined) rules to support inferencing
Enable combined SQL query of enterprise database and RDF graphs
Support large, complex models (10s of millions statements)
Easily extensible by 3rd party tools/apps

9. RDF Graph Types of elements: URIs, Blank Nodes, and Literals
Blank Nodes: _:r1
Plain Literals: “John”,
Typed Literals: “16”^^xsd:int, “John”^^xsd:string
RDF Triples: <subject predicate object>
Subject: URIs or Blank Nodes
Predicate: URIs
Objects: URIs, Blank Nodes, or Literals
A set of RDF triples constitute an RDF graph

10. Family: Schema :Male :fatherOf :brotherOf :parentOf :Person :siblingOf
:motherOf
:sisterOf
:Female
rdfs:subClassOf
rdfs:domain
rdfs:range
rdfs:subPropertyOf

11. RDF Graph: Example Family: Classes and Properties
(:Male rdfs:subClassOf :Person)
(:Female rdfs:subClassOf :Person)
(:fatherOf rdfs:subPropertyOf :parentOf)
(:motherOf rdfs:subPropertyOf :parentOf)
(:brotherOf rdfs:subPropertyOf :siblingOf)
(:sisterOf rdfs:subPropertyOf :siblingOf)

12. RDF Graph: Example Family: Domains and Ranges of Properties
(:fatherOf rdfs:domain :Male)
(:fatherOf rdfs:range :Person)
(:motherOf rdfs:domain :Female)
(:motherOf rdfs:range :Person)
(:brotherOf rdfs:domain :Male)
(:brotherOf rdfs:range :Person)
(:sisterOf rdfs:domain :Female)
(:sisterOf rdfs:range :Person)

13. Family: Data :John :Janice :Martha :Matt :Sammy :Suzie :Cindy :Tom
:Cathy
:Jack
:Female
:Male
:fatherOf
:motherOf
:sisterOf
rdf:type

14. Components Appl. Tables Rulebase 1 Rulebase 2 … Rulebase m A1 Model 1
RDF Query
DDL Load DML
Rules Index 1
Rules Index 2 A2
Model 2 … … An
Model n
Rules Index p

15. Querying RDF data

16. RDF Querying Problem Given Find Return
An RDF dataset (graphs) to be searched
A graph-pattern containing a set of variables
Find
Subgraphs that match the graph-pattern
Return
Sets of variable bindings
each set corresponds to a matching subgraph (substitution in graph-pattern produces subgraph)

17. RDF Querying Approach SQL-based approach Alternate approach
Introduces a SQL table function SDO_RDF_MATCH that accepts RDF queries
Benefits
Leverage powerful constructs of SQL to process RDF Query results
Combine with SQL queries without staging
Alternate approach
Create new (declarative, SQL-like) languages e.g., RQL, SeRQL, TRIPLE, Versa, SPARQL, RDQL, RDFQL, SquishQL

18. Embedding RDF Query in SQL
SELECT …
FROM …, TABLE (
) t, …
WHERE …
RDF Query
(expressed via SDO_RDF_MATCH invocation)

19. SDO_RDF_MATCH Table Func
Input Parameters
SDO_RDF_MATCH (
Query,  graph-pattern (with variables)
Models,  set of RDF models
Rulebases,  set of rulebases (e.g., RDFS)
Aliases,  aliases for namespaces
Filter  additional selection criteria )
Return type in definition is AnyDataSet
Actual return type is determined at compile time based on the arguments for each specific invocation

20. Query Example select m from TABLE(SDO_RDF_MATCH(
'(?m rdf:type :Male)',
SDO_RDF_Models('family'),
null,
SDO_RDF_Aliases(
SDO_RDF_Alias('', '
null)); M
Table function returns a single-column table: M

21. Join with SQL tables: Example
Find salary and hiredate of Matt’s grandfather(s)
SELECT emp.name, emp.salary, emp.hiredate FROM emp, TABLE(SDO_RDF_MATCH( ‘(?x :fatherOf ?y) (?y :parentOf :Matt) (?x :name ?name)’, SDO_RDF_Models(‘family'), …)) t WHERE emp.name=t.name;

22. Inference

23. Rulebase: Overview Each rulebase consists of a set of rules
Each rule consists of
antecedent: graph-pattern
filter condition (optional)
consequent: graph-pattern
One or more rulebases may be used with relevant RDF models (graphs) to infer new data

24. Rulebase: Example Oracle supplied, pre-loaded rulebases: e.g., RDFS
rdfs:subClassOf is transitive and reflexive
Antecedent: ‘(?x rdf:type ?y) (?y rdfs:subClassOf ?c)’
Consequent: ‘(?x rdf:type ?c)’
Antecedent: ‘(?x ?p ?y) (?p rdfs:domain ?c)’
Rules in a rulebase family_rb:
Antecedent: ‘(?x :parentOf ?y) (?y :parentOf ?z)’
Consequent: ‘(?x :grandParentOf ?z)’

25. Rules Index: Overview
A rules index is created on an RDF dataset (consisting of a set of RDF models and a set of RDF rulebases)
A rules index contains RDF triples inferred from the model-rulebase combination

26. Rules Index: Example
A rules index may be created on a dataset consisting of
family RDF data, and
family_rb rulebase (shown earlier)
The rules index will contain inferred triples showing grandParentOf relationship

27. RDF Query with Inference

28. Query w/ RDFS+Family Inference
select x, y from TABLE(SDO_RDF_MATCH(
'(?x :grandParentOf ?y) (?x rdf:type :Male)',
SDO_RDF_Models('family'),
SDO_RDF_Rulebases('RDFS', 'family_rb'),
SDO_RDF_Aliases(
SDO_RDF_Alias('','
null));
X Y

29. Some Oracle10g RDF Partners
Cerebra
Cognia
Siderean
Tom Sawyer
Top Quadrant

30. Summary
Comprehensive, fully integrated into SQL RDF support in Oracle 10g Release 2
Models (Graphs)
Rulebases
Rules Indexes
Query using SDO_RDF_MATCH table function
Documentation and White Papers