1. → Man → World → School → Work → Death → ? → MARX → Loss of Meaning →
↑Meaning in life: free time
Framework: loss & gain
State → → →
Businessmen
Recovery? →
Capitalist → →
Exploitation/ Suffering →
Workers →
Class Structure
Thesis: Bourgeois (Capitalist)
Antithesis: revolution
Parts: Replaceable
Alienation/ separation →
Synthesis: Communist Society → →
Worker to the product/ activities
No Private Ownership
Religion: Opium
SOCIALISM: no private individual would own the “means of production” but the community as a whole
Wealth and power will be equally shared by all

3. KARL MARX class struggle between the oppressed and the oppressors
there would be collective ownership of the means of production, and then there could be a classless society.

4. “The trouble with the rat-race is that even if you win, you're still a rat.”

7. WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?

8. SOCIOLOGY Study of group – where interaction process is vital
From this process, patterns of behavior evolve
Primary focus is not on individuals and individual behavior but on social behavior

10. HOW DO HUMANS APPEAR ON EARTH?

14. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
interested in discovering when, where and why humans appeared on earth, how and why they have changed since then, and how and why modern populations vary in certain physical features

15. FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Physical Anthropology:
Archeology
Cultural Anthropology
Scientific Linguistics

16. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Concerned with physical changes of man
race evolution, racial classifications

20. ARCHEOLOGY
The main pieces of evidence for evaluating prehistoric societies are:
Fossils
Has an organic life
Withstood the test of time
Artifacts
Man-made

21. MAIN TECHNIQUE OF ARCHEOLOGY

22. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Culture: way of life which is learned and transmitted by means of language

23. To see is to believe. Your friend gave you these 2 plates and it just so happened that this will be your first time to see such foods. Meaning, you are not influenced by your past experiences. Your friend maintained that plate B is the real food. How would you know that the other is not real? What are your grounds that made you claim on such assertion? – A B

24. SCIENTIFIC LINGUISTICS
systematic study of recorded and unrecorded languages all over the world.
to know how man was able to communicate with his fellow humans, as a result of which, culture developed.

25. HOW SOCIOLOGY DEVELOPED

26. AUGUSTE COMTE idea of positivism
reports of sensory experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge
only authentic knowledge is that which allows positive verification
Society, like the physical world, operates according to general laws.

29. 3 STAGES OF KNOWLEDGE FOR COMTE:
Theological or religious stage
Metaphysical or abstract reasoning stage
Positive or scientific stage

30. BY MERE OBSERVATION, HOW CAN YOU PROVE TO ME THAT THE WORLD IS NOT FLAT?
Renaissance
Religion vs. Science
Copernicus
Galileo

31. Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, 1 Chronicles 16:30
TRADITIONS (CHURCH): EARTH AS CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE
Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, 1 Chronicles 16:30
“the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved.”
Psalm 104: 5
“the Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved.”
Ecclesiastes 1:5
“and the sun rises and sets and returns to its place”
Heliocentrism (telescope) vs. Geocentrism
Copernicus: parallax
Heresy = imprisoned

32. PARALLAX (displacement)
as the viewpoint moves side to side,
CLOSE = faster,
FAR = slower.
The planet moves faster when nearer the Sun. (kepler)

38. HERBERT SPENCER
human societies evolved from simple forms (primitive societies) to more complex forms (industrial societies).
through natural selection, those societies that adapt to their environment and compete successfully will persist (SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST).
eventually lead to social progress which constituted social justice

39. EMILE DURKHEIM
He believed that individual members of a society live and die, but a certain structure in their activities remain

40. 2 TYPES OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY
MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY
Similar tasks
ORGANIC SOLIDARITY
Variable tasks

41. MAX WEBER belief systems can affect people’s actions
Subjectively and objectively
patterns in social action which he classified as value- oriented, goal-oriented actions

42. RELIGION DIRECTS CAPITALISM
As societies grew more complex and encompassed different groups, a hierarchy of gods developed and as power in the society became more centralised, the concept of a single, universal God (ethical monotheism) became more popular and desirable.

43. SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM PLEASURES VS. SUCCESS
actions were motivated by a highly moral and respected philosophy

44. All social relations are creations of human will
FERDINAND TOENNIES
All social relations are creations of human will

45. 2 TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS WITHIN THE CONTEXTS OF HUMAN WILL
Essential Will - Gemeinschaft
sympathy
Friendship/ community group
Arbitrary Will - Gesellschaft
activity with regard to the future
city and state

47. GEORGE SIMMEL
social network between individuals who are in constant interaction with one another.

50. ALFRED REGINALD RADCLIFFE-BROWN
Primary function of ritual is, by giving expression to the collective “sentiments of a society”, to contribute to social cohesion

54. TALCOTT PARSONS
social systems like the family, religion, education, economics, politics, etc., which can be analyzed in terms of functions.
Value-consensus to him refers to an underlying agreement regarding the rules of system to achieve their goals.
Action was not to be conceived as completely free but was grounded in and circumscribed by norms and ultimate principles of actions (values).

55. 300 KILOMETRO: ANG PAGLALAKBAY
Give an example of a material and non-material culture seen in the video.
Reasons a society conform to norms. Cite an example in the video.
Forms of social norms: folkways, mores, laws. give an example on each form as seen in the video.
What is the significance of having a "VALUE" in the society. Give one major “VALUE” orientation on each society seen in the video.
Values held highly by Filipinos.
CITE 4 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE in connection with the video.
Modes of acquiring a culture and relate it in the video.
Familiarize yourselves with the following terms: ethnocentrism, xenocentrism, cultural relativism, subcultures, culture shock, culture lag, cultural exchange, acculturation, cultural dualism, cultural universal, and cultural diversity

56. CULTURE - CIVILIZATION

57. MATERIAL AND IMMATERIAL CULTURE

58. NORMS & INTERNALIZATION

59. NORMS & SANCTIONS POSITIVE SANCTIONS NEGATIVE SANCTIONS
PHYSICAL SANCTIONS
PSYCHOLOGICAL SANCTIONS
FORMAL SANCTIONS
INFORMAL SANCTIONS

60. FORMS OF SOCIAL NORMS
FOLKWAYS
MORES
LAWS

61. PROCESS OF CULTURE ADAPTATION
PARALLELISM
DIFFUSION
FISSION
CONVERGENCE