1. Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
10982B
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Module 5
Presentation: 100 minutes
Lab: 75 minutes
After completing this module, students will be able to:
Determine network settings in Windows 10.
Troubleshoot issues with network connectivity.
Troubleshoot issues with name resolution.
Required materials
To teach this module, you need the Microsoft Office PowerPoint file 10982B_05.pptx.
Preparation tasks
To prepare for this module, you should:
Read all of this module’s materials.
Practice performing the demonstrations and labs.
Work through the Module Review and Takeaways section to determine how you will use the information to reinforce student learning and promote knowledge transfer to on-the-job performance.
As you prepare for this class, it is imperative that you complete the labs yourself. This gives you an understanding of how the labs work and the concepts that each covers, so that you can provide meaningful hints to students who might have issues. Furthermore, it will help guide your lecture to ensure that you discuss the concepts that the labs cover.
Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity

2. Troubleshooting Name Resolution
Module Overview
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Troubleshooting Name Resolution
Provide an overview of the module.

3. Lesson 1: Determining Network Settings
10982B
Lesson 1: Determining Network Settings
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
IPv4 Settings
Provide an overview of the lesson.
Question
Is it true or false that the Windows PowerShell Test-Connection cmdlet has the same functionality as the Ping command that you enter at a command prompt?
( ) False
(√) True

4. Tools for Configuring Networking Components
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Tools for Configuring Networking Components
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Windows 10 provides the following tools to enable, configure, and manage network connections and settings:
Network & Internet
Network and Sharing Center
Network Setup Wizard
Windows PowerShell
Netsh
Note: This topic has five additional slides.
Each of the following slides contains a screenshot of the tool that you are discussing.
Consider using this topic’s text to accompany your presentation of the following demonstration.

5. Tools for Configuring Networking Components
10982B
Tools for Configuring Networking Components
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Describe the options for Network & Internet and consider demonstrating them as you discuss them.

6. Tools for Configuring Networking Components
10982B
Tools for Configuring Networking Components
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Describe the options, and consider demonstrating them as you discuss them.

7. Tools for Configuring Networking Components
10982B
Tools for Configuring Networking Components
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Describe the options, and consider demonstrating them as you discuss them.

8. Tools for Configuring Networking Components
10982B
Tools for Configuring Networking Components
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Consider demonstrating some cmdlets as you discuss them.

9. Tools for Configuring Networking Components
10982B
Tools for Configuring Networking Components
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Consider demonstrating some of these commands as you discuss them.

10. An IPv4 address identifies a computer to other computers on a network
10982B
IPv4 Settings
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
An IPv4 address identifies a computer to other computers on a network
IP address
IP address
IP address
Subnet 2
IP address
MAC
90-2b b-77
IP address
00-1b-fe-1d-0a-d4
IP address
Subnet 1
Use the slide as an example that you can discuss with your students. Emphasize that all computers on the slide have the same first two octets in their IP addresses. Talk about the dotted decimal notation for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) binary numbers, and then reference the second subnet, showing the difference in IP address.
An IP address identifies a computer’s location on a network similar to a street address that identifies a house on a block. Furthermore, similar to how a street address identifies a residence, an IP address must be globally unique to the network. However, it must follow a uniform naming format. Every IP address includes a network ID and a host ID. The network ID, or network address, identifies the systems that are on the same physical subnet, which are bounded by IP routers. All nodes on the same network must have the same network ID, which must be unique to the network. The host ID, or host address, identifies a router, workstation, server, or other TCP/IP host within a network. The host address must be unique to the network ID. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to discover media access control (MAC) addresses.
IPv4 address syntax
An IP address consists of 32 bits. However, instead of a using binary notation (Base2) to express IPv4 addresses 32 bits at a time, it is standard practice to segment the 32 bits of an IPv4 address into octets. These are four 8‑bit fields. Each octet is converted to a decimal number (base 10) ranging from 0 to 255, and separated by a period or dot. This format is dotted decimal notation. The following section provides an example of an IP address in binary and dotted decimal formats.
IP addresses in binary and dotted decimal formats
Binary format:
Dotted decimal notation:
For example, consider the IPv4 address of :
The address is separated into four blocks of 8 bits:
Each block is converted to the decimal notation:
ARP is used to discover
MAC addresses
(More notes on the next slide)

11. Lesson 2: Troubleshooting Network Connectivity
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Tools for Troubleshooting Network Settings
Provide an overview of the lesson.
Question
Which of the following commands enables you to view the current Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) configuration? (Choose all that apply)
( ) Option 1: Ping
( ) Option 2: Netstat
(√) Option 3: IPConfig
(√) Option 4: Get-Netipaddress
(√) Option 5: Netsh

12. How Network Connections Are Established
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
The following is a high-level overview of the process of initiating network communications:
Perform name resolution
Determine whether the IPv4 address is local
Use ARP to determine the MAC address of the local host or the default gateway
Remote host requests the sender’s MAC address
IPv4 communication negotiation and the exchange of IP data packets occurs
Use the whiteboard to draw the process of initiating network communication between hosts on the same and different subnets.

13. Understanding Windows Firewall
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Understanding Windows Firewall
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Identify the basic configuration settings for Windows Firewall. Explain that the basic settings provide general and app-based configuration for Windows Firewall, and that you can perform specific configuration tasks from the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security console.
Emphasize that Windows Firewall is there to protect the computer, but that you must reconfigure it occasionally to accommodate the needs of new apps.

14. Understanding Windows Firewall (continued)
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Understanding Windows Firewall (continued)
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Explain how you can use the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security console to configure very specific Windows Firewall settings. Identify the key components and functionality of Windows Firewall with Advanced Security, and mention how you can use it for diagnostic purposes to view Windows Firewall status.

15. 10982B
Understanding IPsec
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Consider demonstrating the creation of Internet Protocol security (IPsec) rules with the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security console.

16. The Process of Troubleshooting Network Connections
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Use the following steps to troubleshoot network problems:
Determine the scope of the problem
Determine the IP configuration
Determine the network hardware configuration
Test communications
Verify basic connectivity
Determine the end-to-end routing and firewall configuration
Test name resolution
Test connectivity to a specific remote host server process
Explain to the students that this high-level procedure represents a typical process, and that they might do things slightly differently in their organization. If possible, demonstrate the various commands and processes as you discuss them.

17. Troubleshooting Wireless Networks
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
When you troubleshoot wireless networks, the process is slightly modified:
Determine the scope of the problem
Determine the IP configuration
Determine the network hardware configuration
Check for interference
Verify a wireless access point is within range
Verify that security settings match
Test communications
Highlight the additional steps that are necessary when you troubleshoot wireless networks.

18. The Process for Troubleshooting IPv4 Connectivity
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Your troubleshooting process might consist of the following steps:
Consult Windows Network Diagnostics
Check the local IP configuration
Verify the two-way communication
Identify each hop between two systems
Verify DNS configuration
Verify port availability
Determine firewall configuration
Note: This topic has three additional slides.
Consider demonstrating some of these tools as you discuss them, focusing on Windows PowerShell cmdlets. Use the initial slide to provide a high-level overview, and use each additional slide to provide more detail for each step.

19. The Process for Troubleshooting IPv4 Connectivity
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Consult Windows Network Diagnostics
Check the local IP configuration by using the following commands:
IPConfig /all
Get-NetIPAddress
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Consider demonstrating these commands.

20. The Process for Troubleshooting IPv4 Connectivity
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Verify two-way communication by using the following commands:
Portqry or Telnet
Ping or test-connection
Pathping or Tracert
Identify each hop between two systems by using the following commands:
Consider demonstrating these commands.

21. The Process for Troubleshooting IPv4 Connectivity
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Verify DNS configuration by using the following commands:
ipconfig /displaydns and /flushdns
Get-DnsClientCache and Clear-DnsClientCache
Resolve-Dnsname and NSlookup
Verify port availability by using the following commands
Ping
Portqry
telnet
Determine the firewall configuration
Consider demonstrating these commands.

22. Tools for Troubleshooting Network Settings
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Tool
Purpose
Event Viewer
View errors relating to network activity
Windows Network Diagnostics
Diagnose and resolve network problems
IPConfig
Display IP configuration information and control the DNS resolver cache
Ping and Pathping
Verify basic IP connectivity
Tracert
Verify a routing path
NSLookup
Test name resolution
Windows PowerShell
Configure and troubleshoot network-related settings
Microsoft Message Analyzer
Capture and analyze network traffic
List each tool, and describe its purpose:
Event Viewer is a tool that you can use to view and configure logging options for event logs, and to gather information about hardware, software, and system problems.
The Windows Network Diagnostics tool analyzes information about your network connectivity to help you troubleshoot network-related problems on your computer. Typically, you use this tool along with a support professional, either on the phone or over the Internet.
IPConfig is a Windows 10 tool that provides a user with diagnostic information related to the TCP/IP network configuration. IPConfig also accepts various Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) commands, enabling a system to update or release its TCP/IP network address information.
The Ping command helps to verify IP-level connectivity. When you are troubleshooting, you can use Ping to send an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request to a target host name or IP address. Use Ping whenever you need to verify that a host computer can connect to the TCP/IP network and network resources. You also can use Ping to isolate network hardware problems and incompatible configurations.
The Pathping command provides information about network latency and network loss at intermediate hops between a source and destination. Pathping sends multiple echo request messages to each router between a source and destination over a period of time, and then computes results based on the packets returned from each router. Because Pathping displays the degree of packet loss at any given router or link, you can determine which routers or subnets might be having network problems. Pathping performs the equivalent of the Tracert command by identifying which routers are on the path. It then sends pings periodically to all routers during a specific period, and computes statistics based on the number that each returns. When you use Pathping without parameters, it displays help that pertains to the command syntax.
Windows PowerShell has cmdlets for configuring and troubleshooting network settings. Consider demonstrating each of the cmdlets listed in the Student Handbook.
Microsoft Message Analyzer is a tool that you can use to capture and analyze network traffic.
Present several network-related problems to your students, and then ask them to recommend a network‑troubleshooting tool for each scenario. Consider showing a brief demonstration of each tool.
(More notes on the next slide)

23. Lesson 3: Troubleshooting Name Resolution
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
The Process for Troubleshooting Name Resolution
Provide an overview of the lesson.
Question
Is it true or false that the Windows 10 client always checks its configured Domain Name System (DNS) server before checking the local HOSTS file?
(√) False
( )True

24. Name Resolution in Windows 10
10982B
Name Resolution in Windows 10
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity 2
Local host name 1
DNS server 3
Hosts file
2 DNS resolver cache
Name resolution is an essential part of computer networking. Typically, apps use computer names rather than IP addresses to communicate.
When discussing the name-resolution process, show students how apps resolve names. First, write down the various methods on a whiteboard, and then demonstrate each method by using the virtual machine environment. Include the insertion of entries into Hosts, and the use of tools such as NSlookup, or the Resolve-DnsName Windows PowerShell command-line interface cmdlet. It is important that students know the order in which name resolution attempts occur.
Do not spend too much time on NetBIOS. This lesson discusses this topic briefly because it is beyond the scope of this course.

25. The Process for Troubleshooting Name Resolution
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
To troubleshoot name resolution:
Clear the DNS resolver cache
Verify connectivity to remote host by IP address
Verify connectivity to the remote host by hostname
Edit the hosts text file if the test is unsuccessful
Repeat step 3 and verify the name resolution is successful
Remove the entry that you added to the hosts file, and clear the resolver cache
Verify name resolution function. At the command prompt, type one of the following commands:
Nslookup.exe –d2 LON-cl1.adatum.com. > filename.txt
Resolve-dnsname lon-cl1.adatum.com. > filename.txt
Consider demonstrating these tools as you discuss them. Pay particular attention to the output from NSLookup. Also, emphasize the use of Windows PowerShell cmdlets.

26. Lab: Resolving Network Connectivity Issues
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Exercise 3: Troubleshooting a Wireless Network
Discuss as a Class
Be prepared to discuss possible solutions, and the solutions that the students use. For example, discuss why a particular solution worked while others did not. Ask students if any other solutions might have worked once they realize what the problem was.
Important: If your students reverted their virtual machines at the end of the last practice session, their virtual machines will not be in the correct state. Have them restart their virtual machines, and then complete the “Determining Network Settings” practice sessions. This is necessary only if the students reverted their virtual machines.
Exercise 1: Resolving a Network Problem (1)
A user has reported a networking problem to the help desk. You must investigate and attempt a resolution.
Incident Record
Incident Reference Number:
Date of Call
Time of Call
User
Status
September 21
14:02
Colin Wilcox (Research Department)
OPEN
Incident Details
Colin called the help desk. He is unable to connect to a server resource.
Additional Information
The resource is \\LON-DC1\Research. It is unavailable to Colin, but other users also are affected.
Colin restarted his computer when he returned from lunch. Prior to lunch, he had no problem.
Logon Information
Virtual machines: B-LON-DC1
10982B-LON-CL1
User name: Adatum\Administrator
Password: Pa$$w0rd
Estimated Time: 70 minutes
(More notes on the next slide)

27. 10982B
Lab Scenario
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
The help desk at A. Datum Corporation has received a number of network trouble tickets that they cannot resolve. They have escalated these trouble tickets to you, and you must determine how to resolve each of them, and then document your solution.

28. 10982B
Lab Review
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
What was your approach to the third scenario? How did your approach differ from the class?
Question
What was your approach to the first scenario? How did your approach differ from the class?
Answer
Answers will vary.

29. Module Review and Takeaways
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Module Review and Takeaways
5: Resolving Issues with Network Connectivity
Review Questions
Review Questions
Question
After starting her computer, Amy notices that she is unable to access her normal resources. What tool can she use to determine if she has a valid IP address?
Answer
Amy can run the IPConfig /All command or use the Ping command to verify her domain controller’s IP address.
Amy notices that she cannot access normal enterprise websites. She knows that she has a valid IP address, but wants to troubleshoot the DNS access of her computer. What tool must she use?
Amy can use NSLookup to troubleshoot DNS access issues.
You are troubleshooting a network-related problem, and you suspect a name resolution issue. Before conducting tests, you want to purge the DNS resolver cache. How do you do that?
To clear the DNS resolver cache, you can use the Windows PowerShell Clear-DnsClientCache cmdlet. You also can use the IPConfig /flushdns command.