1. Introduction to Plants
Mr. Hamer’s Hooligans

2. Earliest Plants
Algae
Phytoplankton
Lived in the sea

3. Problems with life on land
Drying Out
Making Food
Reproduction
Gravity & support
Obtaining water & nutrients
Solution ☺
Waxy cuticle, stomata
Formed leaves
Develop spores/seeds
Bark & vascular tissue
Roots & vascular tissue

4. Types of Plants Non-vascular plants Vascular Bryophytes (mosses)
Contain vessels for transporting nutrients and support

5. The Bryophytes - Mosses
First land plants
NON VASCULAR (and so very small)
Developed 500 m.y.a.
Required moist environments
Used for fuel (peat)

6. Pterophytes - Ferns Developed 400 m.y.a. Structure
Rhizome = underground stem
Fronds = leaves

7. Tracheophytes Vessels Spores or seeds for reproduction
XYLEM = transports water & dissolved minerals from roots to leaves
PHLOEM = transports sugars from leaves to rest of plant
Spores or seeds for reproduction

8. Gymnosperms Gymno = “naked” Sperm = “seed” a.k.a “Cone-bearing” plants
First plants to produce seeds
No flowers
No fruit

9. Why Make Seeds? Has own food supply
Protective coat against harsh conditions
Some are designed for travel to new areas

10. Coniferophyta Needle or scale-like leaves Bear seeds in woody cones
Can live in very cold climates
Most are evergreens
Have wood
Made of thick-walled vessels (tracheids)
Tracheids are xylem and phloem

11. Angiosperms Angio – “flower” Sperm – “seed” Extremely diverse
All have seeds enclosed in fruit

12. Overall Structures (see ch. 23)
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flowers

13. Roots Absorb water & nutrients Hold plant in place Root types: Fibrous
Tap

14. Stems Support leaves & flowers Sometimes photosynthesis
Transport (contain xylem & phloem)
Types
herbaceous – green & flexible
woody – stiff, have cork layer, brown

15. Leaves Cuticle = protection Stomata = gas exchange, water loss
Epidermis = protection, color
Mesophyll = PHOTOSYNTHETIC LAYER