1. Practicing Effective Note Taking

2. Effective Note-Taking: Copy the following notes down as you would normally
They eventually started cultivating new crops like beans, sunflowers, and squash
Together, corn, beans, and squash were known as the Three Sisters because of how important they were to the Iroquois
Eventually, Iroquois began growing tobacco, which could be used as a cash crop
A cash crop means that they could use it to trade or sell instead of just using it for themselves
These advances in agriculture are what allowed Iroquois villages to grow so large

3. Effective Note-Taking
Later cultivated beans, sunflowers, squash
Corn, beans, squash known as the Three Sisters because of their importance to Iroquois
Iroquois later grew tobacco, a cash crop
Cash crop could be traded or sold instead of Just used for themselves
These agricultural advances are what helped Iroquois villages grow large
They eventually started cultivating new crops like beans, sunflowers, and squash
Together, corn, beans, and squash were known as the Three Sisters because of how important they were to the Iroquois
Eventually, Iroquois began growing tobacco, which could be used as a cash crop
A cash crop means that they could use it to trade or sell instead of just using it for themselves
These advances in agriculture are what allowed Iroquois villages to grow so large

4. Effective note taking You don’t have to write down every single word
Summarize notes so you still understand the meaning, but write less words and take less time
However, make sure that you still keep the original meaning of the notes so you can understand them later

5. Effective note taking: What not to do
They eventually started cultivating new crops like beans, sunflowers, and squash
Together, corn, beans, and squash were known as the Three Sisters because of how important they were to the Iroquois
Eventually, Iroquois began growing tobacco, which could be used as a cash crop
This means that they could use it to trade or sell instead of just using it for themselves
These advances in agriculture are what allowed Iroquois villages to grow so large
Started beans, sunflowers, and squash
Three Sisters were important to Iroquois
Tobacco could be cash crop
Traded instead of using
Advances helped Iroquois villages grow
While these notes are summarized, they lose
the meaning of the original notes.

6. Practicing effective note-taking: Write down these notes in a summarized form
Iroquois villages usually consisted of a clan or extended family
Clans had two leaders, a civil chief and a military chief
The civil chief ran the clan’s day to day activities, while the military chief was responsible for dealing with other clans when there were disagreements
Clan leaders were chosen by a clan’s female elders, who could remove chiefs if necessary
Whenever possible, Iroquois clans would meet together to cooperate and discuss issues that concerned their people as a whole, making decisions democratically
It is believed that the Iroquois way of making decisions helped inspire the US Constitution

7. Surviving in the Arctic!
Get into groups of 3-4; choose a recorder to write down your responses on the worksheet and a reporter to present the responses to the class
Imagine you and your group are going on a month long survival trip to the Arctic. On the left side of the worksheet, write down challenges you think you would face. On the right side, right down what you would bring with you and/or adaptations that you would make to survive
Make sure to relate your equipment and adaptations directly to the challenges you would face

8. Past and Present Life in the North
The Inuit
Past and Present Life in the North

9. The Inuit of the North
The Inuit have traditionally lived in the far north of Canada, one of the harshest environments in the world because of the cold
Interestingly, they are believed to have arrived in their territory much later than the other First Peoples of Canada

10. How the Inuit Survived
Historically, the Inuit developed two types of homes to survive the Arctic cold
The igloo or iglu was a structure made out of snow. Because snow insulates well, it could keep people warm combined with their body heat and a lamp
The second type of home was called the sod house, or igluryuit
These homes were dug into the ground so that only the top half had to be insulated with sod and snow
The entrance was always lower than the living area; because hot air rises, this meant that the living area would keep warmer

11. How the Inuit Lived
Inuit usually lived in family groups of people in a single household
They would in turn live and hunt together with 6 – 10 other families
Unlike other Canadian First Peoples, these groups typically did not have a chief or formal leader
Inuit were expected to share food sources within their family groups; it was expected that they would help each other and share wealth

12. How the Inuit lived Most Inuit were patrilineal
This meant that married couples would live with the husband’s family
Because resources were often scarce, trading and hunting partnerships were extremely important and expected to last a lifetime
If one group had extra resources, like caribou hide, they would trade it to another group for a resource they needed

13. What and How the Inuit Ate
Because fruits and vegetables are very rare and hard to grow in the arctic, the Inuit diet was largely based on meat
Inuit who lived further inland hunted caribou and musk-ox, while Inuit who lived near the coast hunted sea mammals like seals, walrus, and whales.
However, all Inuit ate fish
Fat and blubber from these animals was also used as fuel for lamps

14. What and How the Inuit Ate
To hunt land mammals like caribou, Inuit would build inukshuks, figures resembling humans that could guide caribou towards hunters hiding in pits or towards rivers where hunters would wait in kayaks
Since caribou travelled in herds, a successful hunt could provide a group with enough food to last an entire winter
Prior to the long, harsh winters, Inuit would stockpile meat and store it outside their settlements, where it would freeze and stay preserved during the winter

15. Inuit Life Today

16. Inuit life today
Inuit have tried to adapt to modern life while still retaining their unique cultural heritage
Most Inuit today live in modern settlements with modern houses
Hunting is still very important to the Inuit, but they can utilize snowmobiles and firearms in combination with traditional tools like the igloo or inukshuk

17. Challenges Inuit Face Today
One of the largest challenges Inuit face today is food insecurity
Food insecurity means that you find it hard to access healthy, affordable food
Most places in the North where Inuit live are food deserts
Food deserts are places where access to healthy, affordable food is difficult or even impossible in some cases

18. Food Insecurity among the Inuit
Why do you think Arctic Canada is a food desert?
Most settlements in the north are not connected to the south by roads
During the winter, flying supplies in by plane is the only way to get food
During the summer, supplies can be sent in by boat because the ice melts
Fresh, healthy foods like vegetables and fruits don’t last very long, meaning they either have to be frozen

19. Food Prices in the North

20. Food (In)Security
Find the groups you were in for the Arctic Survival activiy
On your worksheets are the prices of various foods and daily essentials in many northern communities
Your challenge is to try and create a monthly food budget for a family of 3-4 (with at least 2 adults) based on the prices given
Remember that it is for a family, so try and make it healthy
Remember that getting food to the arctic is difficult and expensive; prices may change and items may become unavailable

21. Reflection
How hard was it for you to create a budget that was under your budget (or were you even able to?)?
What were some sacrifices you had to make in terms of certain food items/essentials?
What did you think of the high food prices? What do you think can be done to solve them?

22. Homework!
Consider the phrase “Modern life has changed Inuit life in the North for the better. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?”
In 1-3 paragraphs (no more than 3) write down your response to this statement on a full, undamaged sheet of paper
It will be collected at the beginning of tomorrow’s cass