1. IMPERIALISM IN EGYPT, CHINA, & JAPAN

2. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Originally France interested in Egypt for strategic location (Red Sea), but Napoleon failed

3. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Egypt interested in modernizing like Europe, so figured they need to trade like Europe
Decided to build manmade waterway that cut through Suez, connecting Red Sea to Mediterranean  SUEZ CANAL

4. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Time Saved: 2 weeks
Miles Saved: 4,000

5. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Had to borrow $$ from France ($450 million!), but found they could not pay back the debt
Britain jumped on the chance to oversee financial control of the canal  by 1882 British occupied Egypt
Canal was “Lifeline of the British Empire” b/c allowed quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa

6. REFORM IN CHINA China proud of their culture
& many work opportunities 
very self-sufficient
Not interested in gadgets
West was offering;
only in agriculture  did not want to trade w/ Europeans
But Europeans wanted access to Chinese goods & resources (especially tea)

7. REFORM IN CHINA
Britain determined to find something Chinese wanted to trade…OPIUM!
Habit-forming drug; Chinese doctors used it for pain relief for centuries
By 1835, 12 million Chinese addicted & rising
Qing Emperor asked Britain to stop, but refused  led to OPIUM WAR ( )
British victory, gained island of Hong Kong

8. REFORM IN CHINA

9. REFORM IN CHINA Results of Opium War:
China divided into spheres of influence
Increase in Western trade & influence in Asia
Britain gains island of Hong Kong
Taiping Rebellion  revolt of the people against the emperor

10. REFORM IN CHINA
Due to Opium addiction, China no longer productive & people hungry
Europeans taking advantage of China’s growing problems
Had to declare “Open Door Policy” to keep from being divided up & colonized like Africa

11. REFORM IN CHINA
Poor peasants/workers resented foreign influence  formed secret organization, Society of Harmonious Fists (aka Boxers)
Wanted to get rid of Qing Dynasty, started BOXER REBELLION
Rebellion failed, but nationalism rose; started to travel West to examine government structures

12. REFORM IN CHINA

13. JAPAN & MEIJI ERA 1600s, Japan was isolated (“closed door”)
US Commodore
Matthew Perry took ships/
weapons to Japan & demand
they open trade  signed
Treaty of Kanagawa &
opened 2 ports to all
Japanese angry & overthrew Tokugawa Shogun

14. JAPAN & MEIJI ERA New MEIJI ERA rules (“Enlightened”)
Figured if you can’t beat ‘em,
join ‘em  adopted
European modern ways
Knew wouldn’t be taken over now, so decided to become imperialists too
Established colonies in China
Now Japan & Russia major powers in Asia

15. JAPAN & MEIJI ERA
Both Russia & Japan want Manchuria for natural resources  RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (Japan victory)
Japan went after Korea & won  established a protectorate & annexation (direct rule)

16. FORMS OF IMPERIAL MANAGEMENT
&
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & HAWAII

17. DIRECT RULE vs. INDIRECT RULE
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation
European style government
COLONY
Examples:
French colonies
German colonies
Portuguese Colonies
Indirect Rule:
Local government officials rule
Limited self-rule
Goal: develop future leaders
European style government, but some local rules
COLONY or PROTECTORATE
Examples:
British colonies
U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands

18. PROTECTORATE vs. SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
Country or territory with its own internal government, but under control of an outside power
Example:
Britain over the Niger River delta
Sphere of Influence
Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Example:
U.S. over Liberia

19. U.S. TERRITORIES AND HAWAII
U.S. acquired Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, & Guam as trading territories
1790s: U.S. interested in Hawaii  port on the way to China and East India
1820s: U.S. sugar plantations took over Hawaii  75% of Hawaii’s wealth
U.S. wanted to annex (to bring in) Hawaii so sugar could be sold for greater profit
Queen Liliuokalani wanted to rid Hawaii of American sugar planters & take more power  was removed from power
1894: Sanford Dole named new president of Republic of Hawaii
1898: Republic of Hawaii annexed by U.S. (50th state)