1. Oxidation of an alcohol: H2SO4,K2Cr2O7 O CH3CH2OH CH3 C alcohol warm H aldehyde further warming O carboxylic acid CH3 C O H

2. Note: In organic reactions, the side products (e. g
Note: In organic reactions, the side products (e.g. Cr3+ in the preceding reaction) are often not given. Here is the complete chemical equation:

3. Note: In organic reactions, the side products (e. g
Note: In organic reactions, the side products (e.g. Cr3+ in the preceding reaction) are often not given. Here is the complete chemical equation: 16 H+ + 2 Cr2O CH3CH2OH 4 Cr3+ +3CH3CO2H + 11 H2O

4. Note: In organic reactions, the side products (e. g
Note: In organic reactions, the side products (e.g. Cr3+ in the preceding reaction) are often not given. Here is the complete chemical equation: 16 H+ + 2 Cr2O CH3CH2OH 4 Cr3+ +3CH3CO2H + 11 H2O (orange) (green)

5. The intermediate reaction would be: 8 H+ + Cr2O CH3CH2OH 4 Cr CH3CHO + 7 H2O (orange) (green)

6. Oxidation of an alcohol: OH H2SO4,K2Cr2O7 O CH3CHCH3 CH3CCH3 alcohol or KMnO4 ketone

7. Aromatic Compounds

8. Aromatic Compounds
Aromatic – from aroma – a number of these compounds have strong and sometimes pleasant odors.

9. Aromatic Compounds
Aromatic – from aroma – a number of these compounds have strong and sometimes pleasant odors. The most important compound in this family is benzene.

10. Benzene C6H6
This is a very important example in organic chemistry – an example of resonance: C C C C C C

11. The two resonance structures are averaged leading to the following structure: C C C

12. If resonance were not important for benzene, i. e
If resonance were not important for benzene, i.e. only one of the two preceding resonance structures were required to describe the structure of benzene, then we might expect benzene to have a reactivity similar to

13. If resonance were not important for benzene, i. e
If resonance were not important for benzene, i.e. only one of the two preceding resonance structures were required to describe the structure of benzene, then we might expect benzene to have a reactivity similar to CH2 CH CH CH CH CH2

14. If resonance were not important for benzene, i. e
If resonance were not important for benzene, i.e. only one of the two preceding resonance structures were required to describe the structure of benzene, then we might expect benzene to have a reactivity similar to CH2 CH CH CH CH CH2 1,3,5-hexatriene

15. If resonance were not important for benzene, i. e
If resonance were not important for benzene, i.e. only one of the two preceding resonance structures were required to describe the structure of benzene, then we might expect benzene to have a reactivity similar to CH2 CH CH CH CH CH2 1,3,5-hexatriene This is not the case!

16. If resonance were not important for benzene, i. e
If resonance were not important for benzene, i.e. only one of the two preceding resonance structures were required to describe the structure of benzene, then we might expect benzene to have a reactivity similar to CH2 CH CH CH CH CH2 1,3,5-hexatriene This is not the case! 1,3,5-hexatriene is fairly reactive with a variety of reagents (e.g. HBr, Cl2, etc. in the dark). These reagents react only slowly with benzene.

17. Benzene is more stable than might be expected by examination of the individual resonance structures.

18. Naming benzene compounds

19. Naming benzene compounds
chlorobenzene

20. 1,2-dibromobenzene

21. 1,2-dibromobenzene 1,3-dibromobenzene

22. 1,2-dibromobenzene 1,3-dibromobenzene 1,4-dibromobenzene

23. o-dibromobenzene m-dibromobenzene p-dibromobenzene

24. o-dibromobenzene m-dibromobenzene o = ortho m = meta p = para p-dibromobenzene

25. Steroids

28. IUPAC name
(10R, 13R)-10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

30. Cortisone

32. oral contraceptive

33. Some misc. Molecules

35. Theobromine (replace the CH3 at the arrow by H) is the stimulant found in

36. Theobromine (replace the CH3 at the arrow by H) is the stimulant found in chocolate.

40. Stereochemistry

41. Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry: Deals with the 3-dimensional arrangement of atoms in space for a particular chemical structure.

42. Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry: Deals with the 3-dimensional arrangement of atoms in space for a particular chemical structure. It also deals with how molecules react in 3-dimensions.

43. Isomers

44. Isomers
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms in space.

45. Isomers
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms in space.
Three different types of isomerism will be considered.

46. Isomers
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms in space.
Three different types of isomerism will be considered.
1. Structural isomers (constitutional isomers)

47. Isomers
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms in space.
Three different types of isomerism will be considered.
1. Structural isomers (constitutional isomers)
2. Geometric isomers

48. Isomers
Two or more compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms in space.
Three different types of isomerism will be considered.
1. Structural isomers (constitutional isomers)
2. Geometric isomers
3. Optical isomers

49. Structural isomers

50. Structural isomers
Structural isomers (constitutional isomers): Compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms.

51. Structural isomers
Structural isomers (constitutional isomers): Compounds with the same molecular formulas but different arrangements of the atoms.
Example: Draw the structural isomers for C4H10

52. CH3CH2CH2CH3 butane

53. CH3CH2CH2CH3 butane
CH3CHCH methylpropane
CH (the 2 is redundant in
this name)

54. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C5H12

55. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C5H12
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentane

56. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C5H12
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentane
CH3CH2CHCH methylbutane
CH (2 is redundant)

57. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C5H12
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 pentane
CH3CH2CHCH methylbutane
CH (2 is redundant)
CH3
CH3CCH ,2-dimethylpropane
CH (each 2 is redundant)

58. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C2H6O

59. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C2H6O
CH3CH2OH ethanol

60. Example: Draw the structural isomers for C2H6O
CH3CH2OH ethanol
CH3OCH methoxymethane (dimethyl ether)