1. 1957:
- SCLC formed, fights bus segregation in Tallahassee and Atlanta.
- Little Rock Crisis, in Little Rock, Arkansas
- Civil Rights Act of 1957
Strom Thurmond: longest single-man filibuster in history.
1960:
- Sit-in Movement starts Feb 1 when 4 black students, Joseph McNeil, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, and David Richmond sit at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, NC. - Sit-Ins then spread across entire South.
- SNCC formed, signaling more radical action to follow.

2. The Freedom Rides, 1961
Inspired by CORE’s ‘Journey of Reconciliation’ in 1947
Bayard Rustin and other riders arrested and sentenced to serve on a chain gang in NC for violating Jim Crow laws.

3. The Freedom Rides organized by CORE and began May 5, 1961.
Led by CORE Director James Farmer, 13 riders (seven black, six white) left D.C.
Their plan: to ride buses through South, end in New Orleans.
Tactics:
One interracial pair sitting together
One black Rider up front (in white section)
One rider always followed rules to post bail for others

4. The Plan

5. Freedom Riders Bus Bombed near Anniston, Alabama

7. Freedom Riders met by a mob, Birmingham bus station

8. Jim Zwerg, 1961

9. Alabama, 1961. White men taunt Freedom Riders travelling to Jackson, Mississippi.

10. Demonstrators kneel before the Albany, GA city hall in support of 11 arrested Freedom Riders.

11. Freedom Rides - Impact
The KKK hoped the violent treatment would stop further Freedom Rides.
However, over next 6 months, over 1000 people took part in Freedom Rides, protected by JFK.
Later that year, JFK banned all segregation in interstate travel.