1. The Protestant Reformation

2. In Medieval Times People believed…. Fear of Authority and Fear of God
Catholic Church was the only church in Western Europe
The Bible was only to be read by priests or bishops.
People believed….
If you died with a dirty soul you would either go straight to hell or to Purgatory.
You had to go to church to get your soul clean.
If you died with a clean soul you would go to heaven.

3. Causes of the Reformation
Black Death
Scientific Advances contradicted Church
Corruption within Catholic Church
Humanists question Church with reasoning
Monarchs supported reformers

4. Great Schism A new pope was elected.
Then French cardinals chose a Frenchman as pope a few months later.
Now the church had two popes!!
This divided the church and Europe
Decreased papal authority and respect for the church

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People wanted to get rid of the corruption of the Catholic Church and restore the people’s faith in the church
Popes seemed more concerned with politics
Sold indulgences
People wanted a better society on earth instead of just in heaven

7. People’s way of life started changing.
People, not just priests, were learning to read.
People started reading the Bible on their own.
People started to think on their own and not listen to the priests.
People started reading the ancient non-Christian Greeks.
New ideas of science and mathematics from the Muslim intellectuals were being read.
New scientific ideas questioned the thinking of the Church.

8. People’s way of life started changing.
Thinkers were quietly pushing the church for reform.
The new printing press rapidly spread revolutionary ideas.
The rulers and priests in Germany were angry at seeing money in their states being sent to Rome to build rich palaces and churches.
Exploration around the world

9. Conclusion Reformers established their own Christian denominations.
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant denominations.

10. Main Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

11. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible and confession for comfort

12. In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for:
“The righteous shall live by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

13. Luther’s 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)
He believed:
Salvation was through faith alone.
Priests do not have special powers.
The bible was the only source of religious truth.

14. Luther’s 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants

15. CHRISTIANITY
E. Orthodox
CATHOLIC
PROTESTANT

16. Calvinism Spread Protestantism across Europe and America
Believed the congregation should control the church
God’s will is absolute: predestination
Believers were called Puritans.
Anglican Church
Follower of Luther who then added his own ideas
Predestination-
At birth God decides who achieves salvation (if you will go to heaven or hell)
A person’s destiny was predetermined
Two types of people:
saints and sinners
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

17. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian
Puritans
Huguenots

19. England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church

20. Anti-Semitism increases; many Jews were forced into Eastern Europe
Historians have classified six explanations as to why people hate the Jews:
Economic -- "We hate Jews because they possess too much wealth and power."
Chosen People -- "We hate Jews because they arrogantly claim that they are the chosen people."
Scapegoat -- "Jews are a convenient group to single out and blame for our troubles."
Decide -- "We hate Jews because they killed Jesus."
Outsiders, -- "We hate Jews because they are different than us." (The dislike of the unlike.)
Racial Theory -- "We hate Jews because they are an inferior race."

21. Catholic Counter Reformation
The church’s reaction to the Reformation:
strengthen Catholicism to stop people from converting to Protestantism
strict rules for church clergy

22. Spanish Inquisition in Spain
30 Years War
Protestants revolted against Catholic king in Bohemia
Spanish Inquisition in Spain
People were only allowed to be Catholic.
Jews and Muslims had to leave the country.
Tortured those guilty of heresy